According to Nair (2011), in the years when India achieves a good crop, it is still less productive than Guatemala. [28] Other notable producers include Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, and Vietnam. [28]

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Prof. K.M. Chandy – Governor of Gujarat". Raj Bhavan, Gujarat Government. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012 . Retrieved 15 November 2014. Almeer RS, Alnasser M, Aljarba N, AlBasher GI. Effects of green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) and its combination with cyclophosphamide on Ehrlich solid tumors. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021;21(1):133. doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03305-2

Asghar, A., et al. (2017). Evaluating the antimicrobial potential of green cardamom essential oil focusing on quorum sensing inhibition of Chromobacterium violaceum [Abstract]. Watt, Sir George (1908). The Commercial Products of India: Being an Abridgement of "The Dictionary of the Economic Products of India." (Public domain ed.). J. Murray. p. 514. The industry is highly labor-intensive, and each hectare requires a high degree of maintenance throughout the year. Production constraints mentioned are recurring climate vagaries, the absence of regular re-plantation, and ecological conditions associated with deforestation. [31] Cultivation edit Terraced cardamom plants in India Labeled varieties of cardamom in storage containers Hamza, A. H., et al. (2019). The prophylactic efficacy of Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum) extract against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model.

By the early 21st century, Guatemala became the largest producer of cardamom in the world, with an average annual yield between 25,000 and 29,000 tonnes. The plant was introduced there in 1914 by Oscar Majus Kloeffer, a German coffee planter. [4] [19] India, formerly the largest producer, since 2000 has been the second worldwide, [19] generating around 15,000 tonnes annually. [20] Nameni G, Moradi Y, Zaroudi M, Jamshidi S. Effect of cardamom supplementation on a number of metabolic factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;16(6):102523. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102523 Azimi P, Ghiasvand R, Feizi A, et al. Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Blood Press. 2016;25(3):133-40. View abstract.Cardamom Definition & Meaning". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020 . Retrieved 12 February 2022. Test-tube research also suggests that cardamom may protect against Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria linked to the development of most stomach ulcer issues ( 18). El Tahir KE, Shoeb H, and et al. Exploration of some pharmacological activities of cardamom seed(Elettaria cardamomum) volatile oil. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal (Saudi Arabia) 1997;5:96-102.

Cardamom comes from the seeds of several different plants that belong to the same family as ginger. It has a distinctive flavor that complements both sweet and savory dishes. People may use cardamom seeds and pods in curries, desserts, and meat dishes, as well as in beverages, such as coffee and chai tea. The most researched property of cardamom, as it pertains to relieving stomach issues, is its possible ability to heal ulcers. Cárdenas Garza GR, Elizondo Luévano JH, Bazaldúa Rodríguez AF, et al. Benefits of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) extracts for their applications as natural anti-inflammatory adjuvants. Plants (Basel). 2021;10(9):1908. doi:10.3390/plants10091908O. E., et al. (2018). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myristica fragrans & Elettaria cardamomum essential oil [Abstract]. In one study, rats were fed extracts of cardamom, turmeric and sembung leaf in hot water before being exposed to high doses of aspirin to induce stomach ulcers. These rats developed fewer ulcers compared to rats that only received aspirin ( 16). The two types of cardamom, καρδάμωμον and ἄμωμον, were distinguished in the fourth century BCE by Theophrastus. He reports that some people believed they came from Media, others from India. [14] Uses edit

Kazemi S, Yaghooblou F, Siassi F, et al. Cardamom supplementation improves inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in hyperlipidemic, overweight, and obese pre-diabetic women: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Sci Food Agric. 2017;97(15):5296-5301. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8414 Abu-Taweel GM. Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum) perinatal exposure effects on the development, behavior and biochemical parameters in mice offspring. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018;25(1):186-193. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.012 Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, et al. Green cardamom increases Sirtuin-1 and reduces inflammation in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2018;15:63. doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0297-4 In 1873 and 1874, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) exported about 4,100 kg (9,000 lb) each year. In 1877, Ceylon exported 5,039 kg (11,108 lb), in 1879, 8,043 kg (17,732 lb), and in the 1881–82 season, 10,490 kg (23,127 lb) [32] In 1903, 1,600 hectares (4,000 acres) of cardamom growing areas were owned by European planters. The produce of the Travancore plantations was given as 290,000 kg (650,000 lb), or just a little under that of Ceylon. The yield of the Mysore plantations was approximately 91,000 kg (200,000 lb), and the cultivation was mainly in Kadur district. The volume [ clarification needed] for 1903–04 stated the value of the cardamoms exported to have been Rs. 3,37,000 as compared with Rs. 4,16,000 the previous year. [33] India, which ranks second in world production, recorded a decline of 6.7 percent in cardamom production for 2012–13, [34] and projected a production decline of 30–40% in 2013–14, compared with the previous year due to unfavorable weather. [35] In India, the state of Kerala is by far the most productive producer, with the districts of Idukki, Palakkad and Wynad being the principal producing areas. [26] Given that a number of bureaucrats have personal interests in the industry, [ citation needed] in India, several organisations have been set up to protect cardamom producers such as the Cardamom Growers Association (est. 1992) and the Kerala Cardamom Growers Association (est. 1974). Research in India's cardamom plantations began in the 1970s while Kizhekethil Chandy held the office of Chairman of the Cardamom Board. [36] The Kerala Land Reforms Act imposed restrictions on the size of certain agricultural holdings per household to the benefit of cardamom producers. [29] When rats on the HFHC diet were given cardamom powder, their blood sugar did not stay elevated for longer than the blood sugar of rats on a normal diet ( 15).Souissi, M., et al. (2019). Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum) extracts: Potential therapeutic benefits for periodontal infections [Abstract]. Nagashree, S., et al. (2016). Anti‐hypercholesterolemic influence of the spice cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum) in experimental rats [Abstract]. However, all of these studies have been conducted in test tubes, making it unclear how the results may apply to humans. Fatemeh Y, Siassi F, Rahimi A, et al. The effect of cardamom supplementation on serum lipids, glycemic indices and blood pressure in overweight and obese pre-diabetic women: a randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2017;16:40. doi:10.1186/s40200-017-0320-8 In China, Amomum was an important part of the economy during the Song Dynasty (960–1279). [27] In 1150, the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi noted that cardamom was being imported to Aden, in Yemen, from India and China. [27]