In 1969, a group of women manga artists later called the Year 24 Group (also known as Magnificent 24s) made their shōjo manga debut (year 24 comes from the Japanese name for 1949, when many of these artists were born). [53] [54] The group included Hagio Moto, Riyoko Ikeda, Yumiko Ōshima, Keiko Takemiya, and Ryoko Yamagishi [41] and they marked the first major entry of women artists into manga. [3] [41] Thereafter, shōjo manga would be drawn primarily by women artists for an audience of girls and young women. [3] [49] [50] GeNERACEとグリー、週刊少年ジャンプの人気作品「ろくでなしBLUES」のソーシャルゲームを配信決定". Asahi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). August 1, 2013. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015 . Retrieved February 10, 2014. Includes Super Radical Gag Family and its sequel series; Ganso! Super Radical Gag Family, Maido! Super Radical Gag Family and Appare! Super Radical Gag Family; and its spin-off manga series Gaiden! Super Radical Gag Family Tatakae! Harumaki and Otakara! Super Radical Gag Family Komatsu, Mikikazu (March 28, 2018). " "Gintama" Director Yuichi Fukuda Helms TV Drama Adaptation of Thug Comedy Manga "Kyo Kara Ore Wa!!" ". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020 . Retrieved March 9, 2023. Although stories about modern war and its weapons do exist, they deal as much or more with the psychological and moral problems of war as they do with sheer shoot-'em-up adventure. [111] Examples include Seiho Takizawa's Who Fighter, a retelling of Joseph Conrad's story Heart of Darkness about a renegade Japanese colonel set in WWII Burma, Kaiji Kawaguchi's The Silent Service, about a Japanese nuclear submarine, and Motofumi Kobayashi's Apocalypse Meow, about the Vietnam War told in talking animal format. Other battle and fight-oriented manga sometimes focus on criminal and espionage conspiracies to be overcome by the protagonist, such as in Crying Freeman by Kazuo Koike and Ryoichi Ikegami, [121] City Hunter by Hojo Tsukasa, and the shōjo series From Eroica with Love by Yasuko Aoike, a long-running crime-espionage story combining adventure, action, and humor (and another example of how these themes occur across demographics).

During the years that followed, artists kept innovating and improving the genre, while also creating and defining new subgenres of manga for different audiences; this is how manga are classified even today. Dengeki Online (in Japanese). May 1, 2021. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021 . Retrieved May 6, 2021.Dragon Ball Super: Super Hero Global Theatrical Release Dates". Toei Animation. June 15, 2022. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022 . Retrieved July 13, 2023. Asahi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). November 16, 2007. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014 . Retrieved November 29, 2013. See Weekly Shōnen Jump §Manga series for estimated circulation figures of individual manga series published in Weekly Shōnen Jump. Inoue, Charles Shirō. 1996. "Pictocentrism—China as a source of Japanese modernity." In Sumie Jones, editor. 1996. Imaging/Reading Eros. Bloomington, IN: East Asian Studies Center, Indiana University. pp. 148-152. ISBN 0-9653281-0-4.

In the following decades (1975–present), shōjo manga continued to develop stylistically while simultaneously evolving different but overlapping subgenres. [60] Major subgenres have included romance, superheroines, and "Ladies Comics" (in Japanese, redisu レディース, redikomi レディコミ, and josei 女性 じょせい), whose boundaries are sometimes indistinguishable from each other and from shōnen manga. [18] [41] Mantan Web (in Japanese). May 17, 2022. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022 . Retrieved May 16, 2022. PR Times (in Japanese). July 6, 2023. Archived from the original on July 11, 2023 . Retrieved September 27, 2023.KADOKAWAも「ビリギャル」「星のカービィ」「魔女の宅急便」など400タイトル (in Japanese). ITmedia Business online. March 19, 2020. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020 . Retrieved April 1, 2020. In early shōnen manga, men and boys played all the major roles, with women and girls having only auxiliary places as sisters, mothers, and occasionally girlfriends. Of the nine cyborgs in Shotaro Ishinomori's 1964 Cyborg 009, only one is female, and she soon vanishes from the action. Some somewhat recent shōnen manga virtually omit women, e.g., the martial arts story Baki the Grappler by Itagaki Keisuke and the supernatural fantasy Sand Land by Akira Toriyama. However, by the 1980s, girls and women began to play increasingly important roles in shōnen manga, for example, Toriyama's 1980 Dr. Slump, whose main character is the mischievous and powerful girl robot Arale Norimaki. Booker, M. Keith (2014). Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. ABC-CLIO. p.xxxix. ISBN 9780313397516. Archived from the original on February 10, 2019 . Retrieved August 16, 2018. Hazra, Adriana (December 20, 2022). "Tokyo Revengers Manga Crosses 70 Million in Circulation". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022 . Retrieved December 20, 2022.

Includes Captain Tsubasa and its sequel series; Captain Tsubasa: World Youth, Captain Tsubasa: Road to 2002, Captain Tsubasa: Golden-23, Captain Tsubasa: Kaigai Gekito Hen, and Captain Tsubasa: Rising Sun With the superheroines, shōjo manga continued to break away from neo-Confucianist norms of female meekness and obedience. [18] [49] Naoko Takeuchi's Sailor Moon ( Bishōjo Senshi Sēramūn: "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon") is a sustained, 18-volume narrative about a group of young heroines simultaneously heroic and introspective, active and emotional, dutiful and ambitious. [78] [79] The combination proved extremely successful, and Sailor Moon became internationally popular in both manga and anime formats. [78] [80] Another example is CLAMP's Magic Knight Rayearth, whose three young heroines, Hikaru, Umi, and Fuu, are magically transported to the world of Cefiro to become armed magical warriors in the service of saving Cefiro from internal and external enemies. [81] Oricon News (in Japanese). March 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023 . Retrieved March 23, 2023. in Japanese). Animate. January 26, 2011. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 29, 2013. Casio Japan (in Japanese). Kodansha. November 22, 2022. Archived from the original on November 22, 2022 . Retrieved November 11, 2022.

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Japanese manga emerged as a new way of expression through the written press, before taking its current form. 📈 The evolution of manga in Japan