Ceaușescu created a pervasive personality cult, giving himself such titles as " Conducător" ("Leader") and "Geniul din Carpați" ("The Genius of the Carpathians"), with inspiration from Proletarian Culture ( Proletkult). After his election as President of Romania, he even had a "presidential sceptre" created for himself, thus appropriating a royal insignia. This excess prompted painter Salvador Dalí to send a congratulatory telegram to the Romanian president, in which he sarcastically congratulated Ceaușescu on his "introducing the presidential sceptre". The Communist Party daily Scînteia published the message, unaware that it was a work of satire. [ citation needed] IMDb entry for 'Die letzten Tage der Ceausescus' ". IMDb. 22 January 2011 . Retrieved 11 August 2015. Added Symbolic Racism Policy Prediction Test in Spanish: Prueba de Predicción de Políticas de Racismo Simbólico

Pechlivanis, Paschalis (14 May 2020). "An Uneasy Triangle: Nicolae Ceaușescu, the Greek Colonels and the Greek Communists (1967–1974)". The International History Review. 43 (3): 598–613. doi: 10.1080/07075332.2020.1764609. S2CID 219486083 . Retrieved 15 March 2023.Elliott-Gowerd, Steven (27 July 2016). The Impact of Governments on East-West Economic Relations. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-12419-0– via Google Books. admin (29 May 2009). "Muzeul Sighet: Sala 18 - Colectivizarea. Rezistenţă şi represiune". Memorialul Victimelor Comunismului şi al Rezistenţei . Retrieved 4 July 2023. Demekas, Mr Dimitri G.; Khan, Mr Mohsin S. (15 June 1991). The Romanian Economic Reform Program. International Monetary Fund. ISBN 978-1-55775-190-4– via Google Books.

a b c d Gruia, Cătălin (2013). The Man They Killed on Christmas Day. United Kingdom: Createspace Independent Pub. p.42. ISBN 978-1-4922-8259-4. Main article: Nicolae Ceaușescu's cult of personality Stamp commemorating Ceaușescu's 70th birthday and 55 years of political activity, 1988 Ceaușescu receiving the presidential sceptre, 1974 [93] Propaganda poster, Bucharest 1986) Failing to control the crowd, the Ceaușescus took cover inside the building that housed the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party. The rest of the day saw an open revolt of Bucharest's population, which had assembled in University Square and confronted the police and army at barricades. The rioters, however, were no match for the military apparatus concentrated in Bucharest, which cleared the streets by midnight and arrested hundreds of people in the process. Death of the Father: Nicolae Ceaușescu Focuses on his death, but also discusses other matters. Many photos.Goodwin joins Mugabe, Mussolini and Ceausescu in gang of disgraced figures". www.theguardian.com. 31 January 2012 . Retrieved 20 May 2020. a b c d Crampton, Richard Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century – And After, London: Routledge, 1997 p. 356.

najbardziej krawych dyktatorów w historii i ich biografie, najważniejsze daty, skutki i przebieg panowania - fot. domena publiczna While the term Ceaușism became widely used inside Romania, [ citation needed] usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. This can be explained by the largely crude and syncretic character of the dogma. Ceaușescu attempted to include his views in mainstream Marxist theory, to which he added his belief in a "multilaterally developed Socialist society" as a necessary stage between the Leninist concepts of Socialist and Communist societies (a critical view reveals that the main reason for the interval is the disappearance of the State and Party structures in Communism). [ citation needed] A Romanian Encyclopedic Dictionary entry in 1978 underlines the concept as "a new, superior, stage in the Socialist development of Romania ... begun by the 1971–1975 Five-Year Plan, prolonged over several [succeeding and projected] Five-Year Plans". [76] Tagliabue, John; Times, Special To the New York (10 December 1989). "Upheaval in the East; Hard-Line Czech President to Quit And Dissident Is Seen as Successor". The New York Times. During the following years, Ceaușescu pursued an open policy towards the United States and Western Europe. Romania was the first Warsaw Pact country to recognize West Germany, the first to join the International Monetary Fund, and the first to receive a US president, Richard Nixon. [23] In 1971, Romania became a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Romania and Yugoslavia were also the only Eastern European countries that entered into trade agreements with the European Economic Community before the fall of the Eastern Bloc. [24]Main article: Brașov rebellion Communist leaders Nicolae Ceaușescu of Romania (left) and Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union in 1985

People-powered resistance: can it work? Srdja Popovic led the nonviolent movement that took down Milosevic in Serbia in 2000; he lays out the plans, skills and tools that a people-powered movement needs -- from nonviolent tactics to a sense of humor. The second, Autobiografia lui Nicolae Ceaușescu (2011), was created by a Romanian writer/director named Andrei Ujica, and an English language version of the film was released simultaneously, titled The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceaușescu. [119] Selected published works [ edit ] Witold Szabłowski - Author книга, з якою я буду носитися рівно як із першою і рекомендувати скрізь!In 1952, Gheorghiu-Dej brought him onto the Central Committee months after the party's "Muscovite faction" led by Ana Pauker had been purged. In the late 1940s-early 1950s, the Party had been divided into the "home communists" headed by Gheorghiu-Dej who remained inside Romania prior to 1944 and the "Muscovites" who had gone into exile in the Soviet Union. With the partial exception of Poland, where the Polish October crisis of 1956 brought to power the previously imprisoned "home communist" Władysław Gomułka, Romania was the only Eastern European nation where the "home communists" triumphed over the "Muscovites". In the rest of the Soviet bloc, there were a series of purges in this period that led to the "home communists" being executed or imprisoned. Like his patron Gheorghiu-Dej, Ceaușescu was a "home communist" who benefited from the fall of the "Muscovites" in 1952. In 1954, Ceaușescu became a full member of the Politburo and eventually rose to occupy the second-highest position in the party hierarchy. [ citation needed] Ceaușescu during the collectivization process [ edit ] Deletant, Dennis (8 October 2007). " 'Taunting the Bear': Romania and the Warsaw Pact, 1963–89". Cold War History. 7 (4): 495–507. doi: 10.1080/14682740701621796. S2CID 153941556 . Retrieved 12 February 2023. Ceaușescu and other Communists at a public meeting in Colentina, welcoming the Red Army as it entered Bucharest on 30 August 1944 OECD Economic Surveys: Romania 2002. OECD Publishing. 29 October 2002. ISBN 978-92-64-19412-0– via Google Books.