to 18th century thinkers built on this foundation as they increasingly saw the economy as a system, but also began to take a more secularised and pragmatic view of economics. We are experiencing delays with deliveries to many countries, but in most cases local services have now resumed. This means that it is "critical to recognise the extent to which their value theories and economics were unified aspects of a much larger world (indeed heavenly) view.

This is investing that measures social and environmental outcomes as rigorously as financial outcomes and can be either finance first or impact first value investing. This undermined the whole system, and "The gold standard would ultimately fail because its values were not consistent with those of society.Economics as a field has a fairly close-minded view of many theories, and much of the nuance/history is not taught in economic courses.

The key values shown across the crises are: solidarity, fairness, dynamism, sustainability, responsibility, resilience, humility. Third, experience with both the global financial crisis and the pandemic will change how companies balance risk and resilience. Fiscal responsibility’ can be achieved by investing in short-term public goods while setting the long-term direction for the economy by providing green energy incentives and developing policies to move us to net-zero. We need to change the values that underpin our society: we need dynamism, resilience, sustainability, fairness, responsibility, solidarity and humility.

The advantage of Stablecoins and CBDCs are that they lower the transaction costs for both national and international transactions, speed up the processing of transactions and provide secure transaction platforms.