Why has the letter Z become the symbol of war for Russia?". The Guardian. 2022-03-07 . Retrieved 2022-03-07. asset". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

In what follows, the uppercase Z Z Z stands for the test statistic (treated as a random variable), while the lowercase z z z will denote an actual value of Z Z Z, computed for a given sample drawn from N(μ,σ²). Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11 . Retrieved 2018-03-24. Z with hook, used for writing Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s [14] The letter Z was borrowed from the Greek Zeta, most likely to represent the sound / t͡s/. At c. 300 BC, Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor, removed the letter Z from the alphabet [ examples needed] , allegedly due to his distaste for the letter, in that it "looked like the tongue of a corpse". A more likely explanation is the sound had disappeared from Latin, making the letter useless for spelling Latin words. It is also thought due to rhotacism, Z became a trilled R sound, / r/. Whatever the case may be, Appius Claudius' distaste for the letter Z is today credited as the reason for its removal. A few centuries later, after the Roman Conquest of Greece, Z was again borrowed to spell words from the prestigious Attic dialect of Greek. In the Nihon-shiki, Kunrei-shiki, and Hepburn romanisations of Japanese, ⟨z⟩ stands for a phoneme whose allophones include [ z] and [ dz]. Additionally, in the Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki systems, ⟨z⟩ is used to represent that same phoneme before / i/, where it's pronounced [ d͡ʑ ~ ʑ].Before the reintroduction of z, the sound of zeta was written s at the beginning of words and ss in the middle of words, as in sōna for ζώνη "belt" and trapessita for τραπεζίτης "banker". z⟩ stands for a voiced alveolar or voiced dental sibilant / z/, in Albanian, Breton, Czech, Dutch, French, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, and the International Phonetic Alphabet. It stands for / t͡s/ in Chinese pinyin and Jyutping, Finnish (occurs in loanwords only), and German, and is likewise expressed /ts/ in Old Norse. In Italian, it represents two phonemes, / t͡s/ and / d͡z/. In Portuguese, it stands for / z/ in most cases, but also for / s/ or / ʃ/ (depending on the regional variant) at the end of syllables. In Basque, it represents the sound / s/. Old English used S alone for both the unvoiced and the voiced sibilant. The Latin sound imported through French was new and was not written with Z but with G or I. The successive changes can be seen in the doublet forms jealous and zealous. Both of these come from a late Latin zelosus, derived from the imported Greek ζῆλος zêlos. The earlier form is jealous; its initial sound is the [ dʒ], which developed to Modern French [ ʒ]. John Wycliffe wrote the word as gelows or ielous. each value in the table is the area between z = 0 and the z-score of the given value, which represents the probability that a data point will lie within the referenced region in the standard normal distribution.

In Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, ⟨z⟩ usually stands for the sound /s/ and thus shares the value of ⟨s⟩; it normally occurs only in loanwords that are spelt with ⟨z⟩ in the source languages.The z-score, also referred to as standard score, z-value, and normal score, among other things, is a dimensionless quantity that is used to indicate the signed, fractional, number of standard deviations by which an event is above the mean value being measured. Values above the mean have positive z-scores, while values below the mean have negative z-scores. z가 e, i 앞에 올 경우 c로 바꿔서 쓴다. 그리고 스페인어권의 성씨 중에 '-ez'로 끝나는 경우가 종종 보인다. Suarez, Alvarez, Perez, Fernandez, Gonzalez 등이며, '누구누구의 아들'이라는 의미이다. a b Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11 . Retrieved 2018-03-24. The Etruscan letter Z was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, most probably through the Greek alphabet used on the island of Ischia. In Etruscan, this letter may have represented / ts/. In chemistry, the letter Z is used to denote the Atomic number of an element (number of protons), such as Z=3 for Lithium.

Few words in the Basic English vocabulary begin or end with ⟨z⟩, though it occurs within other words. It is the least frequently used letter in written English, [9] with a frequency of about 0.08% in words. z⟩ is more common in the Oxford spelling of British English than in standard British English, as this variant prefers the more etymologically 'correct' -ize endings, which are closer to Greek, to -ise endings, which are closer to French; however, -yse is preferred over -yze in Oxford spelling, as it is closer to the original Greek roots of words like analyse. The most common variety of English it is used in is American English, which prefers both the -ize and -yze endings. One native Germanic English word that contains 'z', freeze (past froze, participle frozen) came to be spelled that way by convention, even though it could have been spelled with 's' (as with choose, chose and chosen). In earlier times, the English alphabets used by children terminated not with Z but with & or related typographic symbols. [7] In her 1859 novel Adam Bede, George Eliot refers to Z being followed by & when her character Jacob Storey says, "He thought it [Z] had only been put to finish off th' alphabet like; though ampusand would ha' done as well, for what he could see." [8]Z has been used by the Russian Armed Forces as an identifying symbol on its military vehicles, during Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Russian civilians have used the symbol to express support for the invasion. [11] [12] Michael Chugani (2014-01-04). "又中又英——Mispronunciations are prevalent in Hong Kong". Headline Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27 . Retrieved 2017-04-26.

A graphical variant of ⟨z⟩ is ⟨ ʒ⟩, which has been adopted into the International Phonetic Alphabet as the sign for the voiced postalveolar fricative. Z at the end of a word was pronounced ts, as in English assets, from Old French asez "enough" ( Modern French assez), from Vulgar Latin ad satis ("to sufficiency"). [6] Last letter of the alphabet [ edit ] z⟩ is used in writing to represent the act of sleeping (often using multiple z's, like zzzz), as an onomatopoeia for the sound of closed-mouth human snoring. [10] Other languages [ edit ]Ivan Kuliak: Why has 'Z' become a Russian pro-war symbol?". BBC News. 2022-03-07 . Retrieved 2022-03-07. The z-score can be calculated by subtracting the population mean from the raw score, or data point in question (a test score, height, age, etc.), then dividing the difference by the population standard deviation: z = In most English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom, the letter's name is zed / z ɛ d/, reflecting its derivation from the Greek letter zeta (this dates to Latin, which borrowed Y and Z from Greek), but in American English its name is zee / z iː/, analogous to the names for B, C, D, etc., and deriving from a late 17th-century English dialectal form. [2] Castilian Spanish uses the letter to represent / θ/ (as English ⟨th⟩ in thing), though in other dialects ( Latin American, Andalusian) this sound has merged with / s/. Before voiced consonants, the sound is voiced to [ ð] or [ z], sometimes debbucalized to [ ɦ] (as in the surname Guzmán [ɡuðˈman], [ɡuzˈman] or [ɡuɦˈman]). This is the only context in which ⟨z⟩ can represent a voiced sibilant [ z] in Spanish, though ⟨s⟩ also represents [ z] (or [ ɦ], depending on the dialect) in this environment.