a b c Fraser, Antonia (1975). King James VI of Scotland, I of England (biography). Random House. p.126. In sexual matters, however, it is generally better to assume the obvious unless there is some very good reason to think otherwise. In any case, it is an academic argument, for the degree of their intimacy is less important than its political consequences.

In 1613 Carr began to make plans to marry Frances Howard, the daughter of Admiral Thomas Howard, the son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. The Howard family were having a growing influence over King James. This included Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Charles Howard, Lord of Effingham, They were all sympathetic to the Roman Catholic church and wanted an alliance with King Philip III of Spain. According to John Philipps Kenyon, the author of The Stuarts (1958): "They (the Howards) urged James to marry his son to the daughter of Philip III of Spain and use her huge dowry to pay off his debts, with the ultimate aim of reconciling the English church with Rome." (9) James was devastated by the loss of Lennox. [18] In his return to France, Lennox had met a frosty reception as an apostate Catholic. The Scottish nobles had thought that they would be proven right in their convictions that Lennox's conversion was artificial when he returned to France. Instead the former duke remained Presbyterian and died shortly after, leaving James his embalmed heart. [18] James had repeatedly vouched for Lennox's religious sincerity and memorialized him in a poem called Ane Tragedie of the Phoenix, which likened him to an exotic bird of unique beauty killed by envy. [18] Richard Preston [ edit ]Parry, Graham (1981), The Golden Age Restor'd: The Culture of the Stuart Court, 1603–42, Manchester University Press, p.142, ISBN 978-0-7190-0825-2 Gregg, Pauline (1981). "5: Prince of Wales". King Charles I. Berkeley: University of California Press (published 1984). p.49. ISBN 9780520051461 . Retrieved 30 December 2018. The King first made Aubigny a gentleman of the bedchamber. Later, he appointed him to the Privy Council and created him earl and finally duke of Lennox. In Presbyterian Scotland the thought of a Catholic duke irked many, and Lennox had to make a choice between his Catholic faith or his loyalty to James. In the end, Lennox chose James and the king taught him the doctrines of Calvinism. The Scottish Kirk remained suspicious of Lennox after his public conversion and took alarm when he had the earl of Morton tried and beheaded on charges of treason. The Scottish ministry was also warned that the duke sought to "draw the King to carnal lust".

On 16 May 1620, Villiers married Lady Katherine Manners, daughter and heir of Frances Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, despite the objections of her father. Cannadine, Sir David (Introduction); Cooper, Tarnya; Stewart, Louise; MacGibbon, Rab; Cox, Paul; Peltz, Lucy; Moorhouse, Paul; Broadley, Rosie; Jascot-Gill, Sabina, Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits, 2018 (accompanying the exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery from The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, USA, 7 October 2018 -3 February 2019. Bendigo Art Gallery, Australia, 16 March - 14 July 2019.), p. 106 The couple had four children: Mary (1622), Charles (1625), George (1628) and Francis (1629). His second son was born after his death. The masque begins with the entry of the Greek goddess of wisdom, Pallas Athena, who announces to the ‘seated’ courtiers the will of Jove to ‘settle Astraea [goddess of justice] in her seat again’ in place of the Iron Age. Athena imparts that Jove intends to ‘let down in his golden chain/The Age of better metal’, that is, the Golden Age. Shortly after this point, ‘[a tumult, and clashing of arms heard within]’ disrupts Athena’s speech, who fears the ‘noise’ and ‘strife’ is the sound of the ‘Iron Age…up in arms!’. The personification of the Iron Age calls forth the Evils, physical representations of vices of the Iron Age: ‘Ambition, Pride, and Scorn, Force, Rapine, and thy babe last born, Smooth Treachery’.

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A miniature of Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset. Villiers’ predecessor in the King’s affections, Somerset’s scandalous private life alienated from the court and King, paving the way for his successor. Croft, Pauline. King James, p.24, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2003); ISBN 0-333-61395-3 David M. Bergeron (2002). King James and Letters of Homoerotic Desire. University of Iowa Press. p.98. ISBN 978-1587292729. Hyde, H. Montgomery (1970), The Love That Dared not Speak its Name, Boston: Little, Brown, pp.44, 143 He took an active part in prosecuting those implicated in the "Popish Plot", and accused the lord chief justice (Sir William Scroggs) in his own court while on circuit of favouring the Roman Catholics. Because of this, a writ was issued for his arrest, but it was never served. He promoted the return of Whig candidates to Parliament, constituted himself the champion of the dissenters, and was admitted a Freeman of the City of London. He, however, separated himself from the Whigs on the exclusion question, probably on account of his dislike of the Duke of Monmouth and the Earl of Shaftesbury, was absent from the great debate in the Lords on 15 November 1680, and was restored to the king's favour in 1684.

Arthur Aspinall (1962). The later correspondence of George III. CUP Archive, 1962. p.486. ISBN 9780521074513 . Retrieved 30 September 2011. The portrait is a study for a larger painting. “It’s just a sketch, but in the 18th and 19th century, unfinished work wasn’t as appreciated as it is today, so you get a lot of pictures which are finished off by later artists. So this was tidied up by someone and as a result, it began to look very stiff and more like a copy,” he said. Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Under James I, he used his influence to enrich his relatives tremendously and improve their social positions. There is something lavishly romantic about the way that James (now also King of England) met his next great love, the seventeen-year-old Robert Carr in 1607. Yet of all his relationships, this one proved the most troublesome.Mann, Jessica (26 September 2004), "The popular murderer", Daily Telegraph, archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Conservation work carried out by the art restorer Simon Gillespie has returned the portrait, which belongs to Glasgow Museums, to its original state. Sir Edward Villiers's second and third sons, John († c.1661) and George († 1699), succeeded as 3rd and 4th Viscounts Grandison, while the fourth son, Sir Edward Villiers († 1689), was father of Edward Villiers († 1711), who was created both Baron Villiers and Viscount Villiers in 1691 as well as Earl of Jersey in 1697. The 1st Earl of Jersey's sister, Elizabeth Villiers († 1733), was the presumed mistress of King William III of England from 1680 until 1695. Thomas Villiers († 1786), the second son of the 2nd Earl of Jersey, was created Baron Hyde and Earl of Clarendon in 1776. Wiseman, Andreas (13 January 2023). "Nicholas Galitzine Joins Julianne Moore In Sky & AMC Series 'Mary & George' About Royal Court Intrigue In King James I's England; Filming Underway". Deadline . Retrieved 27 March 2023. Rubens, a pioneer of the Flemish Baroque tradition, is considered one of the most influential painters in history and his work is worth millions.