Egypt, under Muhammad Ali and his successors, conquered Nubia in 1820–22, founded Khartoum in 1823, and conquered Darfur in 1874. Egypt, including Sudan, became a British protectorate in 1882. Egypt and Britain lost control of the Sudan from 1882 to 1898 as a result of the Mahdist War. After its capture by British troops in 1898, the Sudan became an Anglo-Egyptian condominium.

Rain delays rescue of explorers". The Herald. Glasgow, Scotland. September 8, 1961. p.8 – via Google News.Forest Pulse: The Latest on the World's Forests". WRI.org. World Resources Institute. April 28, 2022. Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. ● 2022 Global Forest Watch data quoted by McGrath, Matt; Poynting, Mark (June 27, 2023). "Climate change: Deforestation surges despite pledges". BBC. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. a b Chris C. Park (2003). Tropical Rainforests. Routledge. p.108. ISBN 978-0-415-06239-8. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022 . Retrieved August 24, 2017. In other words, it’s an awesome seed to spur your imagination for building or start off strong with various resources and premade bases. Spain captured present-day Western Sahara after 1874, although Rio del Oro remained largely under Sahrawi influence. In 1912, Italy captured parts of what was to be named Libya from the Ottomans. To promote the Roman Catholic religion in the desert, Pope Pius IX appointed a delegate Apostolic of the Sahara and the Sudan in 1868; later in the 19th century his jurisdiction was reorganized into the Vicariate Apostolic of Sahara.

a b Bisson, J. (2003). Mythes et réalités d'un désert convoité: le Sahara (in French). L'Harmattan. El-Said, Mohammed (29 January 2018). "Near-perfect fossils of Egyptian dinosaur discovered in the Sahara desert". Nature Middle East. doi: 10.1038/nmiddleeast.2018.7. Burnham, Robyn J.; Johnson, Kirk R. (2004). "South American palaeobotany and the origins of neotropical rainforests". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 359 (1450): 1595–1610. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1531. PMC 1693437. PMID 15519975.Record number of fires' in Brazilian rainforest". BBC News Online. BBC Online. BBC. August 21, 2019. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019 . Retrieved August 21, 2019. Deforestation in Colombia Down 70 Percent So Far This Year". Yale Environment 360 . Retrieved November 13, 2023. West Saharan montane xeric woodlands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund . Retrieved 29 December 2007. Egypt became independent of Britain in 1936, although the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 allowed Britain to keep troops in Egypt and to maintain the British-Egyptian condominium in the Sudan. British military forces were withdrawn in 1954.

Strahler, Arthur N. and Strahler, Alan H. (1987) Modern Physical Geography Third Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-85064-0. p. 347 The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture. The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya mountains to the south. The flora of the Sahara is highly diversified based on the bio-geographical characteristics of this vast desert. Floristically, the Sahara has three zones based on the amount of rainfall received – the Northern (Mediterranean), Central and Southern Zones. There are two transitional zones – the Mediterranean-Sahara transition and the Sahel transition zone. [50] Animals that have adapted to a desert environment are called xerocoles. Xerocoles include species of insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Some xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade. Many escape the heat in cool burrows they dig in the ground. The fennec fox, for example, is native to the Sahara Desert. Fennec fox communities work together to dig large burrows, some as large as 93 square meters (1,000 square feet). Dew can collect in these burrows, providing the foxes with fresh water. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.

Is there a difference between a jungle and a rainforest?

Many deserts have no drainage to a river, lake, or ocean. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. The shallow lakes that form in basins eventually evaporate, leaving playas, or salt-surfaced lake beds. Playas, also called sinks, pans, or salt flats, can be hundreds of kilometers wide. In rural areas, hot days turn into cool nights, providing welcome relief from the scorching sun. But in cities, structures like buildings, roads, and parking lots hold on to daytime heat long after the sun sets. The temperature stays high even at night, making the city an “island” of heat in the middle of the desert. This is called the urban heat island effect. It is less pronounced in desert cities than cities built in heavily forested areas. Cities like New York City, New York, and Atlanta, Georgia, can be 5 degrees warmer than the surrounding area. New York was built on wetlandhabitat, and Atlanta was built in a wooded area. Cities like Phoenix, Arizona, or Kuwait City, Kuwait, have a much smaller urban heat island effect. They may be only slightly warmer than the surrounding desert. The Beni Ḥassān and other nomadic Arab tribes dominated the Sanhaja Berber tribes of the western Sahara after the Char Bouba war of the 17th century. As a result, Arabian culture and language came to dominate, and the Berber tribes underwent some Arabization. Rising temperatures can have huge effects on fragiledesertecosystems. Global warming is the most current instance of climate change. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming.