e., that it has become the international capital of property speculation, financial deregulation, money laundering (popular with Russian oligarchs seeking to clean their dirty money) and inequality. Walking past the hoarding that rings the construction site today, little would you imagine the world of defensive measures that are being conjured behind the innocuous plywood fence. John succeeded Richard as king in 1199, but his rule proved unpopular with many of his barons, who in response moved against him. It is a subtlety that the Palace of Westminster, home to the House of Commons and Lords, has yet to catch on to. With the addition of a new curtain wall, the old main entrance to the Tower of London was obscured and made redundant; a new entrance was created in the southwest corner of the external wall circuit.

Shoot arrows, assemble firearms and brandish a sword in this exciting, hands-on experience in the White Tower. These communities in London are often painted with the same scathing brush by outsiders yet face similar struggles of poverty, inequality and dis-advantage to people living in parts of the country beyond the middle class “fortress”. People, Place and Policy is an online journal providing a forum for academic debate around issues of urban policy, social and economic regeneration, housing and the labour market. To access you ebook(s) after purchasing, you can download the free Glose app or read instantly on your browser by logging into Glose. In this respect, the 11 September attacks confirm that effective homeland security must involve a combination of intelligence operations, a more visible police presence and the physical protection of critical assets.As the fortified bridge into London was held by Saxon troops, he decided instead to ravage Southwark before continuing his journey around southern England. Fortress London argues that to address Britain’s manifold problems, we need first to end the hegemony of its capital. As the building was intended to be a comfortable residence as well as a stronghold, latrines were built into the walls, and four fireplaces provided warmth. The death in 1135 of Henry I left England with a disputed succession; although the king had persuaded his most powerful barons to swear support for the Empress Matilda, just a few days after Henry's death Stephen of Blois arrived from France to lay claim to the throne. This is unearned income and confers a myriad of economic and social advantages, nurturing harmful disparities between the regions and London and between London’s own inhabitants.

The Norman Conquest of London manifested itself not only with a new ruling class, but in the way the city was structured. A squat glass cube rises above the banks of the River Thames in Nine Elms, southwest London, colored with the same dark greenish-gray pallor as the murky waters of the river itself. Metropolitan Mayors have been given few genuine powers and Austerity has shifted power back to London as local government budgets have been repeatedly slashed. As the economic, political, and cultural epicentre of the country, Fortress London acts more like a renaissance city-state like Florence or Venice than the capital of a modern nation-state. The complex consisted of an inner and an outer gatehouse and a barbican, [49] which became known as the Lion Tower as it was associated with the animals as part of the Royal Menagerie since at least the 1330s.

The response to the pandemic conveyed to the nation the crisis of asymmetrical devolution, whilst demonstrating the great power devolved leaders can wield.

But also the money being held by those who bought property in London before the housing market going out of control, the retired, the landlords and the middle classes holding so much wealth that will not trickle down to benefit others. But there might be a point where you have too much of that, and this book certainly crosses that line. The Tower was oriented with its strongest and most impressive defences overlooking Saxon London, which archaeologist Alan Vince suggests was deliberate. Longchamp capitulated to John after just three days, deciding he had more to gain from surrender than prolonging the siege. It is in this context that ‘Levelling Up’ is correctly portrayed as a partisan election tool rather than a serious attempt at tackling regional inequalities.They were multi-purpose buildings, serving as fortifications (used as a base of operations in enemy territory), centres of administration, and residences. The US has taken vast measures to improve security at many of its facilities in urban and rural areas.

The political agenda is then forged in a closed system explaining why pundits have been so shocked by recent political events. It has a similar medicinal hue to the cheap glazing of the speculative apartment blocks nearby, but this is one of the most expensive façades in town—and there’s a reason for its sludgy tinge. The chapel's current bare and unadorned appearance is reminiscent of how it would have been in the Norman period.The main entrance to the inner ward would have been through a gatehouse, most likely in the west wall on the site of what is now Beauchamp Tower. The author then shows how London’s secondary schools have increasingly outperformed their counterparts in the rest of the country. It was probably during Henry II's reign (1154–1189) that a forebuilding was added to the south side of the tower to provide extra defences to the entrance, but it has not survived.