The Etruscan Menrva was part of a holy triad with Tinia and Uni, equivalent to the Roman Capitoline Triad of Jupiter-Juno-Minerva. Hirst, Julie (2005). Jane Leade: Biography of a XVİİ-century Mystic. Ashgate. p.72. ISBN 978-0-7546-5127-7. Books relating to the contemporary pagan worship of the goddess Sophia include: Sophia, Goddess of Wisdom, by Caitlin Matthews, The Cosmic Shekinah by Sorita d'Este and David Rankine (which includes Sophia as one of the major aspects of the goddess of wisdom), and Inner Gold: Understanding Psychological Projection by Robert A. Johnson. Versluis, Arthur (1994). Theosophia: hidden dimensions of Christianity. Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Press. ISBN 0-940262-64-9.

Saxer, Victor (1993). "Sophia v. Rom". Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche. Vol.9. pp. 733f. Archived from the original on 2023-06-04.

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She was unlike other gods and goddesses from ancient Greek tales who thought anything was worth a fight. Goddess Athena believed that people should only go to war as a last resort and only if they fought for a noble or just cause. God (in reference to the entire Triune Godhead) in Christianity is typically considered to be omniscient, or possessing all knowledge. [10] By a process of folk etymology, the Romans could have linked her foreign name to the root men- in Latin words such as mens meaning "mind", perhaps because one of her aspects as goddess pertained to the intellectual. The word mens is built from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- 'mind' (linked with memory as in Greek Mnemosyne/μνημοσύνη and mnestis/μνῆστις: memory, remembrance, recollection, manush in Sanskrit meaning mind). Allegory of Wisdom and Strength is a painting by Paolo Veronese, created c. 1565 in Venice. It is a large-scale allegorical painting depicting Divine Wisdom personified on the left and Hercules, representing Strength and earthly concerns, on the right.

Metis, the Titan associated most closely with wisdom and the mother of Athena, whose name in Ancient Greek described a combination of wisdom and cunning. [12] [13] Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1978). Vedic Mythology. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprint). ISBN 978-81-208-1113-3. a b c d e Ovid, 43 B.C.–17 A.D. or 18 A.D. (2018). Metamorphoses. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-03359-8. OCLC 1007036859.

Athena: Wisdom, War, and the Power of the Goddess

Seshat ( Ancient Egyptian: sš3t, under various spellings [2]) was the ancient Egyptian goddess of writing, wisdom, and knowledge. She was seen as a scribe and record keeper; her name means "female scribe". [1] She is credited with inventing writing. She also became identified as the goddess of sciences, accounting, architecture, astronomy, astrology, building, mathematics, and surveying. Hunt, Priscilla (2006). "Andrei Rublev's Old Testament Trinity Icon in Cultural Context". In Tsurikov, Deacon Vladimir (ed.). The Trinity-Sergius Lavr in Russian History and Culture. Readings in Russian Religious Culture. Vol.3. Jordanville, N.Y.: Holy Trinity Seminary Press. pp.99–122. Artemis was the fleet-footed goddess of the hunt. Often depicted in painting and sculpture with a deer or a hunting dog, she was both huntress and protectress of the living world. Her Roman equivalent was Diana.

Constantine the Great set a pattern for Eastern Christians by dedicating a church to Christ as the personification of Divine Wisdom. [4] In Constantinople, under Justinian I, the Hagia Sophia ("Holy Wisdom") was rebuilt, consecrated in 538, and became a model for many other Byzantine churches. In the Latin Church, however, "the Word" or Logos came through more clearly than "the Wisdom" of God as a central, high title of Christ. Originating in Greek mythology, Sophia was the goddess of spiritual wisdom and was referred to as the Divine Mother or Holy Feminine. The name Sophia means wisdom. The goddess was a prominent figure in the belief system of Gnostic Christians of the 1 st century, who were proclaimed heretics by monotheistic and patriarchal religion in the 4 th century. However, many copies of their gospel were hidden in Egypt, in the Nag Hammadi desert, and found in the mid-20th century. Saraswati is often depicted as dressed in white and sitting on a white lotus. She has four arms – two are playing a lute-like instrument, known as the veena, while the third arm holds a mala (a rosary) and the fourth holds a book, symbolizing her artistry, spiritual essence, and intellect. Her image reflects purity and serenity. In Rig Veda, she’s a significant deity associated with flowing water or energy and is known by many names: Brahmani (science), Vani and Vachi (the flow of music and speech); and Varnesvari (writing or letters). 9- Seshat Seshat Goddess. By Jeff Dahl – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0. Source. Seshat is attested from the Second Dynasty, where she assists King Khasekhemwy with the " stretching the cord" ritual. [1] Roles [ edit ] Following 1 Corinthians, the Church Fathers named Christ as "Wisdom of God". [7] Therefore, when rebutting claims about Christ's ignorance, Gregory of Nazianzus insisted that, inasmuch as he was divine, Christ knew everything: "How can he be ignorant of anything that is, when he is Wisdom, the maker of the worlds, who brings all things to fulfillment and recreates all things, who is the end of all that has come into being?". [8] Irenaeus represents another, minor patristic tradition which identified the Spirit of God, and not Christ himself, as "Wisdom". [9] He could appeal to Paul's teaching about wisdom being one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit ( 1 Corinthians 12:8). However, the majority applied to Christ the title/name of "Wisdom".York, Michelle (2005-09-06). "Wells College: Newly, and Uneasily, Coed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2017-03-09. The expression Ἁγία Σοφία itself is not found in the New Testament, even though passages in the Pauline epistles equate Christ with the "wisdom of God" ( θεοῦ σοφία). [6] The clearest form of the identification of Divine Wisdom with Christ comes in 1 Corinthians 1:17–2:13. In 1 Corinthians 2:7, Paul speaks of the Wisdom of God as a mystery which was "ordained before the world unto our glory". People who like to make things more complex than they actually are refer to this idea as the rhetorical art of cunning.