BSBI Distribution Maps, Papaver somniferum". London, U.K.: Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. 22 April 2016. Opium, from which morphine, heroin, codeine, and papaverine are derived, comes from the milky latex in the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum), which is native to Turkey. An annual plant, it bears 13-cm- (5-inch-) wide purple flowers on plants 1 to 1.5 metres (about 3 to 5 feet) tall, with lobed or toothed silver-green foliage. The opium poppy is also grown for its nonnarcotic ripe seeds, which are used for seasoning, for oil, and in baked goods ( see poppy seed). White-, pink-, and red-flowered strains with double or semidouble blooms have been developed as garden ornamentals. A second interpretation of poppies in Classical mythology is that the bright scarlet colour signifies a promise of resurrection after death. [17] Licensed cultivation of opium | Department of Revenue | Ministry of Finance | Government of India". dor.gov.in . Retrieved 2022-11-17. Annual poppies will grow from seed to bloom in their first season. Perennials are more likely to develop their root systems in the first year and flower in year two or three. Biennials will often bloom in their first years if planted early.

A comparative study was carried out to establish if there was a difference between alkaloid levels resulting from poppy seeds incorporated into the matrix of the muffin to those resulting from poppy seeds coated onto a bread roll. The dough for the rolls was prepared using 280 g of strong white bread flour, 1½ tablespoons of sugar, one teaspoon of salt, ¾ teaspoon of fast action yeast, two tablespoons of skimmed milk powder, 150 mL of water, and two tablespoons of oil. The dough was mixed in a commercially available Morphy Richards compact bread maker (using the “dough” program). The dough was then split into 4 equal portions and each one was pressed into poppy seeds. The rolls were then placed into an oven at 190°C and left to cook for 25 min, according to the recipe of the bread mix. The rolls were left to cool to room temperature and the poppy seeds were scraped from the surface using a metal spatula and homogenized in a spice blender prior to extraction and analysis by LC-MS. Thermally Processed Poppy SeedsThangavel, T.; Wilson, C. R.; Jones, S.; Scott, J. B.; Voglmayr, H. (February 2017). "First Report of Systemic Downy Mildew of Opium Poppy Caused by Peronospora somniferi in Australia". Plant Disease. 101 (2): 392. doi: 10.1094/pdis-06-16-0796-pdn. ISSN 0191-2917. This work was funded with the support from the Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University. Conflict of Interest

That said, you need to also ensure that the temperature isn’t too hot, as this can damage healthy growth. If your garden has more intense heat, plant poppies in part shade. Flower colors of some poppies can fade in too much direct sunlight.Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum) with (left) mature fruit and seed and (right) detail of flower. (more) The poppy ( Papaver rhoeas L.) is an ancient flowering plant, long desired by gardeners in a range of landscape situations. Learning how to grow poppies allows you to use their beauty in many flower beds and gardens. Planting poppies is simple and rewarding when their single and double blooms appear in cooler seasons. History of Planting Poppies

Mills JH (2016). Review of 'Opium and Empire in Southeast Asia: Regulating Consumption in British Burma' . Cambridge imperial and post-colonial studies series. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.14296/RiH/2014/2010. ISBN 9780230296466 . Retrieved 5 September 2018. {{ cite book}}: |journal= ignored ( help) Poppy seeds are used as a food in many cultures. They may be used whole by bakers to decorate their products or milled and mixed with sugar as a sweet filling. They have a creamy and nut-like flavor, and when used with ground coconut, the seeds provide a unique and flavour-rich curry base. They can be dry roasted and ground to be used in wet curry (curry paste) or dry curry. [67] McGrath, Ginny (8 February 2008). "Travellers who 'smuggle' poppy seeds face Dubai jail". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 10 October 2011 . Retrieved 2 September 2009.a b Yadav, Hemant K.; Shukla, S.; Singh, S. P. (16 August 2006). "Genetic Variability and Interrelationship Among Opium and its Alkaloids in Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.)". Euphytica. 150 (1–2): 207–214. doi: 10.1007/s10681-006-9111-x. ISSN 0014-2336. S2CID 25242061. Salavert, Aurélie; Zazzo, Antoine; Martin, Lucie; Antolín, Ferran; Gauthier, Caroline; Thil, François; Tombret, Olivier; Bouby, Laurent; Manen, Claire; Mineo, Mario; Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona (20 November 2020). "Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 20263. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..1020263S. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76924-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7679390. PMID 33219318.