Pan, lusty Satyr god of the Greeks is another aspect of the Horned God. ‘Pan is a proud celebration of the liberating power of male erotic energy in its purest and most beautiful form.’ (5) He is portrayed as playful and cunning, but He also has a darker, dangerous nature. The panic or terror often associated with Pan is not related to human violence, but to the Life and Death of the natural world. In this form he is called the “All Devourer.” However, Pan, as Protector of the Wilderness and as a god prone to fits of madness and violence, can induce panic or wild fear in those who threaten his domain. There are examples of the motif to be found all over Britain, in Bolton Abbey, in Rochester Cathedral, and in St Magnus Cathedral on Orkney, as well as in many parish churches, beginning in the 11th century after the Norman Conquest and reaching a peak of popularity in the early 16th century, before they saw a decline following the Reformation. Use these words or any others that you are comfortable with - remember this is all about your intention.

This is a wonderfully simple ritual which can be shared with both friends and family, or worked alone. You can include children in it - it begins in darkness and ends full of light. The fact that they do not appear until well into the Christian period, however, suggests a different reading. Many are clearly warnings against being led astray by the Devil and of the horrors of hell awaiting sinners. Most churchgoers at this time would have been illiterate and so the church itself, its carvings, paintings and stained glass, served as a sermon in their own right. Lady Raglan is, I think, correct in her assumption that the Green Man would be instantly recognisable, and that his message would be immediately familiar to those who saw it. But that does not mean that he must be a survival of an ancient god.Traditionally the veils between the worlds are at their thinnest now. Boundaries dissolve and all is laid bare. It is time to honour and offer hospitality to, our ancestors. Think about all those departed souls from your life, both family and friends, children may wish to remember pets even - place photographs of them on your altar. Offer them your hospitality, welcome their presence into your home. In some parts of Europe the tradition was to weave the last sheaf into a large Corn Mother with a smaller 'baby' inside it, representing the harvest to come the following year. Once the harvest was completed, safely gathered in, the festivities would begin. Bread was made from the new grain and thanks given to the Sun's life-giving energy reborn as life-giving bread. It is important to remember that at the time Lady Raglan was writing, and indeed since the late 19th century, there had been a renewed interest in folklore, with many contemporary scholars theorising that in it could be traced the survival of ideas, beliefs and customs that pre-dated the arrival of Christianity in the British Isles. Sandars, p. 283, "the 'Green Man' peering through hawthorn leaves in the Norwich cloisters and at Southwell is the true descendant of the Brno-Maloměřice heads" (famous bronze Celtic pieces)

In his Underworld aspect Cernnunos is The Dark Man, the god who dwells in the House Beneath the Hill, the Underworld. He is the one who comforts and sings the souls of the dead to their rest in the Summerlands of the Otherworld. Cernnunos, as Master of the Wild Hunt, who pursues the souls of evil doers, is not associated with a biblical or even modern morality, but with the protection and continuance of the Land and Nature and the spirits that dwell therein. During the post-war era literary scholars interpreted the Green Knight as being a literary representation of Lady Raglan's Green Man as described in her article "The Green Man in Church Architecture", published in Folklore journal of March 1939. This association ultimately helped consolidate the belief that the Green Man was a genuine, Medieval folkloric, figure. [7] Raglan's idea that the Green Man is a mythological figure has been described as "bunk", with other folklorists arguing that it is simply an architectural motif. [3] Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured board and pat it into a circle. With a sharp knife lightly score the bread into two halves to represent The Lord and Lady. Glaze with beaten egg and sprinkle sugar over the top. Bake in a moderate oven for about 20-25 minutes. When the bread is cooled break it into two halves along the score mark. Repeat the words of the charm and tie with purple ribbon. Purple represents the union of red (love in all its forms) and blue (unity and harmony). Enjoy. Brightest Blessings. Green Man" type foliate heads first appeared in England during the early 12th century deriving from those of France, and were especially popular in the Gothic architecture of the 13th to 15th centuries. The idea that the Green Man motif represents a pagan mythological figure, as proposed by Lady Raglan in 1939, despite its popularity with the lay public, is not supported by evidence. [1] [3] [4] Types [ edit ] 6th-century Byzantine mosaic in the Great Palace Mosaic Museum, Istanbul.Go on a hike and ask these deities to send you Spring signs like soaring birds, butterflies, symbols in the clouds, etc. The tradition of the Green Man carved onto Christian churches is found across Europe, including examples such as the Seven Green Men of Nicosia carved into the facade of the thirteenth century St Nicholas Church in Cyprus. Why are there Spring goddesses and gods from various cultures? Our ancestors were in tune with the earth, the sun, and the seasons. And because of this connection, they believed in deities that were tied to the changing of the earth – it’s plants, trees, animals, and landscape. Some of those deities were even linked or personified specific seasons…like Spring. As the green begins to emerge from the cold earth, we see the crone goddess of Winter reborn as maiden goddess. Replenished and anew. We also see the Green Man come out of hibernation, gifting life to the forests and fields. Read on to learn more about specific Spring goddesses and gods from various pantheons. And why they’re so important at the Vernal Equinox. Spring Goddesses from Various Pantheons 1. Persephone While the Cailleach rules over the cold, dark half of the year in Celtic Ireland and Scotland, Brigid rules over the light, warm half of the year. Therefore, we’re including her here as one of the Spring goddesses. Truly, Brigid’s time began at Beltane on May 1st and lasted until Samhain when the Crone goddess Cailleach took over. Brigid was and still is a beloved goddess of the fire, smithery, inspiration, poetry and healing. She is frequently depicted as a triple goddess and some believe she is the sister of the Cailleach. Interestingly, Brigid is associated not just with the sacred fire but also with sacred water held within wells. Fire and water being too key elements to the Spring and Summer seasons. 5. Flora: Roman Spring Goddess However, while some of these figures can be found in Roman Britain, once the Romans had departed there is no evidence of anything similar again until they start to appear in church architecture after the Norman Conquest. Medieval stonemasons certainly had fun depicting gargoyles, demons, and sexually explicit female figures known as sheela na gigs and so it is possible to read them, as well as the Green Man, as a caution against becoming involved in “the old ways”, which they would have seen as demon worship.

Later foliate heads in churches may have reflected the legends around Seth, the son of Adam, according to which he plants seeds in his dead father's mouth as he lies in his grave. The tree that grew from them became the tree of the true cross of the crucifixion. This tale was in The Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine, a very popular thirteenth century compilation of Christian religious stories, from which the subjects of church sermons were often taken, especially after 1483, when William Caxton printed an English translation of the Golden Legend. [13] Much imagery associated with these festivals is both spiritual and natural as the progress of the seasons reflects the life cycles of those who live on this ancient land.The motif fitted very easily into the developing use of vegetal architectural sculpture in Romanesque and Gothic architecture in Europe. Doel, Fran; Doel, Geoff (2013). "The spirit in the tree". The Green Man in Britain. Cheltenham, England: The History Press. ISBN 978-0750953139. Now take your bread and share it with your family and friends and pass on the generous blessings of this festival of completion and beginning. Eat it fresh, as soon as it is made if you can.