a b c d Waters, Darren (April 26, 2004). "What happened to Dungeons and Dragons?". BBC News . Retrieved February 25, 2020. McNary, Dave (May 6, 2020). " 'Dungeons & Dragons' Film Moves Forward With Deal With Former Marvel Exec Jeremy Latcham". Variety. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020 . Retrieved May 6, 2020.

a b Johnson, Xavier (August 18, 2022). "Dungeons and Dragons brings huge changes to fifth edition rules under One D&D initiative". Dot Esports . Retrieved August 18, 2022. Hall, Charlie (May 23, 2023). "D&D has a messaging problem that goes beyond the OGL controversy". Polygon . Retrieved August 17, 2023. Cook, M.; Tweet, J. & Williams, S. (July 2003). Dungeon Master's Guide: Core Rulebook II v.3.5. Revised by D. Noonan& R. Redman. Wizards of the Coast. ISBN 978-0-7869-2889-7.

The Influence of Dungeons and Dragons on Video Games". The Strong National Museum of Play. May 6, 2011 . Retrieved August 6, 2022. While AD&D was still in the works, TSR was approached by an outside writer and D&D enthusiast, John Eric Holmes, who offered to re-edit and rewrite the original rules into an introductory version of D&D. [7] Although TSR was focused on AD&D at the time, the project was seen as a profitable enterprise and a way to direct new players to anticipate the release of the AD&D game. It was published in July 1977 as the Basic Set, collecting together and organizing the rules from the original D&D boxed set and Greyhawk supplement into a single booklet, which covers character levels 1 through 3, and includes dice and a beginner's module. The booklet features a blue cover with artwork by David C. Sutherland III. The "blue booklet" explains the game's concepts and method of play in terms that made it accessible to new players not familiar with tabletop miniatures wargaming. Unusual features of this version include an alignment system of five alignments [note 2] as opposed to the three or nine alignments of the other versions. This Basic Set was very popular and allowed many to discover and experience the D&D game for the first time. Although the Basic Set is not fully compatible with AD&D, as some rules were simplified to make the game easier for new players to learn, players were expected to continue play beyond third level by moving on to the AD&D version. [8] The release of AD&D 2nd Edition corresponded with important policy changes at TSR. An effort was made to remove aspects of the game which had attracted negative publicity, most notably the removal of all mention of demons and devils, although equivalent fiendish monsters are included, renamed tanar'ri and baatezu, respectively. Moving away from the moral ambiguity of the 1st edition AD&D, the TSR staff eliminated character classes and races like the assassin and the half-orc, and stressed heroic roleplaying and player teamwork. The target age of the game was also lowered, with most 2ndedition products being aimed primarily at teenagers. [14] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)

a b Appelcline, Shannon. "Dungeons & Dragons Essentials: Monster Vault (4e) | Product History". Dungeon Masters Guild . Retrieved January 8, 2021. Dungeons & Dragons (commonly abbreviated as D&D or DnD) [2] is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game (RPG) originally created and designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson. [3] [4] [5] The game was first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules, Inc. (TSR). [5] It has been published by Wizards of the Coast, now a subsidiary of Hasbro, since 1997. The game was derived from miniature wargames, with a variation of the 1971 game Chainmail serving as the initial rule system. [4] [6] D&D 's publication is commonly recognized as the beginning of modern role-playing games and the role-playing game industry, [5] [7] and also deeply influenced video games, especially the role-playing video game genre. [8] [9] [10]The various editions of Dungeons & Dragons have won many Origins Awards, including All Time Best Roleplaying Rules of 1977, Best Roleplaying Rules of 1989, Best Roleplaying Game of 2000 and Best Role Playing Game and Best Role Playing Supplement of 2014 for the flagship editions of the game. [187] Both Dungeons & Dragons and Advanced Dungeons & Dragons are Origins Hall of Fame Games inductees as they were deemed sufficiently distinct to merit separate inclusion on different occasions. [188] [189] The independent Games magazine placed Dungeons & Dragons on their Games 100 list from 1980 through 1983, then entered the game into the magazine's Hall of Fame in 1984. [190] [191] Games magazine included Dungeons & Dragons in their "Top 100 Games of 1980", saying "The more players, the merrier." [192] Advanced Dungeons & Dragons was ranked 2nd in the 1996 reader poll of Arcane magazine to determine the 50 most popular roleplaying games of all time. [193] Dungeons & Dragons was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in 2016 and into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 2017. [194] [195] Legacy and influence [ edit ] D&D departs from traditional wargaming by allowing each player to create their own character to play instead of a military formation. These characters embark upon adventures within a fantasy setting. A Dungeon Master (DM) serves as referee and storyteller for the game, while maintaining the setting in which the adventures occur, and playing the role of the inhabitants of the game world, known as non-player characters (NPCs). The characters form a party and they interact with the setting's inhabitants and each other. Together they solve problems, engage in battles, explore, and gather treasure and knowledge. In the process, player characters earn experience points (XP) to level up, and become increasingly powerful over a series of separate gaming sessions. [3] [7] [11] Players choose a class when they create their character, which gives them special perks and abilities every few levels. Dungeons and Dragons is Giving Up the One D&D Name". Game Rant. April 5, 2023 . Retrieved August 17, 2023. D&D v3.5 Accessory Update Booklet". wizards.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2003 . Retrieved February 10, 2013.

Dungeons & Dragons has been the subject of rumors regarding players having difficulty separating fantasy from reality, even leading to psychotic episodes. [8] [213] The most notable of these was the saga of James Dallas Egbert III, [214] the facts of which were fictionalized in the novel Mazes and Monsters and later made into a TV movie in 1982 starring Tom Hanks. [209] [215] William Dear, the private investigator hired by the Egbert family to find their son when he went missing at college, wrote a book titled The Dungeon Master refuting any connection with D&D and Egbert's personal issues. The game was blamed for some of the actions of Chris Pritchard, who was convicted in 1990 of murdering his stepfather. Research by various psychologists, [216] starting with Armando Simon, has concluded that no harmful effects are related to the playing of D&D. [217] Dungeons & Dragons has also been cited as encouraging people to socialize weekly or biweekly, [218] teaching problem solving skills, which can be beneficial in adult life, and teaching positive moral decisions. [219] Nelson, Samantha (June 24, 2019). "First Impressions of Pathfinder Second Edition". Escapist Magazine. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019 . Retrieved August 1, 2019. Brink, Kyle (January 27, 2023). "OGL 1.0a & Creative Commons". D&D Beyond ( Press release) . Retrieved January 27, 2023.

Hull, Lise (2016). Understanding the Castle Ruins of England and Wales: How to Interpret the History and Meaning of Masonry and Earthworks. McFarland. ISBN 9781476665979. Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd Edition was published in 1989, [73] again as three core rulebooks; the primary designer was David "Zeb" Cook. The Monster Manual was replaced by the Monstrous Compendium, a loose-leaf binder that was subsequently replaced by the hardcover Monstrous Manual in 1993. In 1995, the core rulebooks were slightly revised, although still referred to by TSR as the 2nd Edition, [93] and a series of Player's Option manuals were released as optional rulebooks. [73]