Bonaccorso, A.; etal., eds. (2004). Mount Etna:Volcano Laboratory. Washington D.C.: American Geophysical Union (Geophysical Monograph 143). p.3. ISBN 978-0-87590-408-5. Pinkerton, Harry; Norton, Gill (1 November 1995). "Rheological properties of basaltic lavas at sub-liquidus temperatures: laboratory and field measurements on lavas from Mount Etna". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 68 (4): 307–323. Bibcode: 1995JVGR...68..307P. doi: 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00018-7. Green, D. H.; Ringwood, A. E. (2013). "The Origin of Basalt Magmas". The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle. Geophysical Monograph Series. Vol.13. pp.489–495. Bibcode: 1969GMS....13..489G. doi: 10.1029/GM013p0489. ISBN 978-1-118-66897-9. Stikine Volcanic Belt: Volcano Mountain". Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes. Archived from the original on 2009-03-07 . Retrieved 23 November 2007.

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Simpson, John A.; Weiner, Edmund S. C., eds. (1989). Oxford English Dictionary. Vol.13 (2nded.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.873. Koae and Kapoho, Hawaii, were both destroyed by the same eruption of Kīlauea in January, 1960 [89] (abandoned). Lava fountains and flow at Piton de la Fournaise, 2016 10-metre-high (33ft) lava fountain in Hawaii, United States Satellite image of a lava flow erupted from SP Crater, Arizona Keller, Jörg; Krafft, Maurice (November 1990). "Effusive natrocarbonatite activity of Oldoinyo Lengai, June 1988". Bulletin of Volcanology. 52 (8): 629–645. Bibcode: 1990BVol...52..629K. doi: 10.1007/BF00301213. S2CID 129106033.Diverting a lava flow is extremely difficult, but it can be accomplished in some circumstances, as was once partially achieved in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. [85] The optimal design of simple, low-cost barriers that divert lava flows is an area of ongoing research. [86] [87] Towns destroyed by lava flows Lava can easily destroy entire towns. This picture shows one of over 100 houses destroyed by the lava flow in Kalapana, Hawaii, United States, in 1990. Upton, B. G. J.; Wadsworth, W. J. (July 1965). "Geology of Réunion Island, Indian Ocean". Nature. 207 (4993): 151–154. Bibcode: 1965Natur.207..151U. doi: 10.1038/207151a0. S2CID 4144134.

Igneous rock - Wikipedia Igneous rock - Wikipedia

Alkali basalt is relatively rich in alkali metals. It is silica-undersaturated and may contain feldspathoids, [33] alkali feldspar, phlogopite, and kaersutite. Augite in alkali basalts is titanium-enriched augite, and low-calcium pyroxenes are never present. [41] They are characteristic of continental rifting and hotspot volcanism. [42] Kokelaar, B.Peter; Durant, Graham P. (December 1983). "The submarine eruption and erosion of Surtla (Surtsey), Iceland". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 19 (3–4): 239–246. Bibcode: 1983JVGR...19..239K. doi: 10.1016/0377-0273(83)90112-9.SiO 2< -3.3539 × 10 −4 × A 6 + 1.2030 × 10 −2 × A 5 - 1.5188 × 10 −1 × A 4 + 8.6096 × 10 −1 × A 3 - 2.1111 × A 2 + 3.9492 × A + 39.0 Kapoho, Hawaii, was largely inundated by lava in June 2018, with its subdivision Vacationland Hawaii being completely destroyed. BGS news Scientists set sail to investigate high-resolution sea level, climate and coral reef records Waters, Christopher L.; Sims, Kenneth W. W.; Perfit, Michael R.; Blichert-Toft, Janne; Blusztajn, Jurek (March 2011). "Perspective on the Genesis of E-MORB from Chemical and Isotopic Heterogeneity at 9–10°N East Pacific Rise". Journal of Petrology. 52 (3): 565–602. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egq091.