Kingston, Beverley (2006). A History of New South Wales. Cambridge University Press. pp.74–80. ISBN 9780521833844. Context statement for the Sydney Basin bioregion - Climate by Bioregional Assessments from the Australian Government. Retrieved 11 April 2021. Sydney spans two geographic regions. The Cumberland Plain lies to the south and west of the Harbour and is relatively flat. The Hornsby Plateau is located to the north and is dissected by steep valleys. The flat areas of the south were the first to be developed; it was not until the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge that the northern reaches became more heavily populated. Seventy surf beaches can be found along its coastline, with Bondi Beach being the most famous. Helen Davidson (12 May 2014). "Roaring Forties' shift south means more droughts for southern Australia". The Guardian . Retrieved 2 November 2022.

From the late 1850s there was a shift towards Classical architecture. Mortimer Lewis designed the Australian Museum in 1857. [222] The General Post Office, completed in 1891 in Victorian Free Classical style, was designed by James Barnet. [223] Barnet also oversaw the 1883 reconstruction of Greenway's Macquarie Lighthouse. [214] [215] Customs House was built in 1844. [224] The neo-Classical and French Second Empire style Town Hall was completed in 1889. [225] [226] Romanesque designs gained favour from the early 1890s. Sydney Technical College was completed in 1893 using both Romanesque Revival and Queen Anne approaches. [227] The Queen Victoria Building was designed in Romanesque Revival fashion by George McRae; completed in 1898, [228] it accommodates 200 shops across its three storeys. [229] A short history of the Australian Museum". Australian Museum. Australia Museum. 20 July 2014. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020 . Retrieved 21 August 2020. Alt URL In January 1938, Sydney celebrated the Empire Games and the sesquicentenary of European settlement in Australia. One journalist wrote, "Golden beaches. Sun tanned men and maidens...Red-roofed villas terraced above the blue waters of the harbour...Even Melbourne seems like some grey and stately city of Northern Europe compared with Sydney's sub-tropical splendours." A congress of the "Aborigines of Australia" declared 26 January "A Day of Mourning" for "the whiteman's seizure of our country." [85] MLC Centre". Emporis. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012 . Retrieved 20 July 2014. a b Freyne, Catherine (2010). "Sydney Technical College". Dictionary of Sydney . Retrieved 10 August 2014.Sydney retains #10 ranking in Mercer's global quality of living survey". Mercer.com.au. 28 April 2018 . Retrieved 28 April 2018. Green, D., 1973. -Re reptiles of the outer north-western suburbs of Sydney. Herpetofauna 6 (2): 2–5. Sydney has public, denominational, and independent schools. 7.8% of Sydney residents are attending primary school and 6.4% are enrolled in secondary school. [409] There are 935 public preschool, primary, and secondary schools in Sydney that are administered by the New South Wales Department of Education. [411] 14 of the 17 selective secondary schools in New South Wales are based in Sydney. [412] a b http://www.smh.com.au/national/tough-week-for-a-sydney-success-story-20120217-1te9q.html?skin=text-only [ dead link]

Sydney has been ranked between the fifteenth and the fifth most expensive city in the world and is the most expensive city in Australia. [285] Of the 15 categories only measured by UBS in 2012, workers receive the seventh highest wage levels of 77 cities in the world. [285] Working residents of Sydney work an average of 1,846 hours per annum with 15 days of leave. [285] Sydney's Chinatown has had numerous locations since the 1850s. It moved from George Street to Campbell Street to its current setting in Dixon Street in 1980. [362] Little Italy is located in Stanley Street. [276] In 1804, Irish convicts led around 300 rebels in the Castle Hill Rebellion, an attempt to march on Sydney, commandeer a ship, and sail to freedom. [63] Poorly armed, and with their leader Philip Cunningham captured, the main body of insurgents were routed by about 100 troops and volunteers at Rouse Hill. At least 39 convicts were killed in the uprising and subsequent executions. [64] [65] Attenbrow, Val (2010). Sydney's Aboriginal Past, investigating the archaeological and historical records (2nded.). Sydney: UNSW Press. pp.22–26. ISBN 9781742231167. Sydney experiences an urban heat island effect. [134] This makes certain parts of the city more vulnerable to extreme heat, including coastal suburbs. [134] [135] In late spring and summer, temperatures over 35°C (95°F) are not uncommon, [136] though hot, dry conditions are usually ended by a southerly buster, [137] a powerful southerly that brings gale winds and a rapid fall in temperature. [138] Since Sydney is downwind of the Great Dividing Range, it occasionally experiences dry, westerly foehn winds typically in winter and early spring (which are the reason for its warm maximum temperatures). [139] [140] [141] Westerly winds are intense when the Roaring Forties (or the Southern Annular Mode) shift towards southeastern Australia, [142] where they may damage homes and affect flights, in addition to making the temperature seem colder than it actually is. [143] [144]The earliest British settlers recorded the word ' Eora' as an Aboriginal term meaning either 'people' or 'from this place'. [37] [9] The clans of the Sydney area occupied land with traditional boundaries. There is debate, however, about which group or nation these clans belonged to, and the extent of differences in language and rites. The major groups were the coastal Eora people, the Dharug (Darug) occupying the inland area from Parramatta to the Blue Mountains, and the Dharawal people south of Botany Bay. [9] Darginung and Gundungurra languages were spoken on the fringes of the Sydney area. [38] Aboriginal clans of Sydney area, as recorded by early British settlers

Forecasting the Distribution of Stand-Alone Office Employment across Sydney to 2035" (PDF). NSW Department of Planning and Environment. August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2021 . Retrieved 20 July 2021. Broomham, Rosemary (2001), Vital connections: a history of NSW roads from 1788, Hale & Iremonger in association with the Roads & Traffic Authority, p.25, ISBN 978-0-86806-703-2 a b "Macquarie Lightstation". Sydney Harbour Federation Trust. 2001. Archived from the original on 9 February 2006 . Retrieved 20 July 2014. In 2021, Christianity was the largest religious affiliation at 46%, the largest denominations of which were Catholicism at 23.1% and Anglicanism at 9.2%. 30.3% of Sydney residents identified as having no religion. The most common non-Christian religious affiliations were Islam (6.3%), Hinduism (4.8%), Buddhism (3.8%), Sikhism (0.7%), and Judaism (0.7%). About 500 people identified with traditional Aboriginal religions. [11] Greater Sydney GCCSA". Australian Bureau of Statistics Data by Region. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020 . Retrieved 25 January 2020.Boulous, Chris (20 April 2018). "Nothing Bland about our Oak tree". Fairfield City Champion. FAIRFAX REGIONAL MEDIA. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018 . Retrieved 29 August 2018. Sailing races have been held on Sydney Harbour since 1827. [381] Yachting has been popular amongst wealthier residents since the 1840s and the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron was founded in 1862. The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is a 1,170km (727mi) event that starts from Sydney Harbour on Boxing Day. [382] Since its inception in 1945 it has been recognised as one of the most difficult yacht races in the world. [383] Six sailors died and 71 vessels of 115 failed to finish in the 1998 edition. [384] Sydney Olympic Park was built for the 2000 Olympics and has become a major sporting and recreational precinct. The 1954 Royal Tour of Queen Elizabeth II". State Library of New South Wales. 10 January 2018 . Retrieved 18 August 2022. To the south of The Domain is Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia which measures 16.2ha (0.1sqmi). [268] Its location was used for both relaxation and grazing of animals from the earliest days of the colony. [269] Macquarie dedicated it in 1810 for the "recreation and amusement of the inhabitants of the town" and named it in honour of Hyde Park in London. McClymont, John; Kass, Terry (2010). "Old Toongabbie and Toongabbie". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust . Retrieved 30 July 2019.