the provision was held to be unconstitutional insofar as it criminalises consensual sexual conduct between adults in private, leaving the provision in place to continue criminalising non-consensual non-vaginal intercourse and intercourse with minors, thereby ensuring the rights of victims of sexual assault. Many states in Malaysia also apply Sharia law, which criminalises sex between women as ‘ musahaqah‘. Read more about the condition New: A new, unread, unused book in perfect condition with no missing or damaged pages. This included many sexual offences such as the Acte for the punishment of the vice of Buggerie, punishable by death, passed as an Act of Parliament during Henry VIII’s reign. The latter punishment was applied to “sorcerers, sorceresses, renegades, sodomites and heretics publicly convicted.

Some people think that the punishment for lesbianism is the same as the punishment for zina, because of the Hadith quoted by Ibn Qudamah as referred to above. Same-sex sexual activity was prohibited in Singapore under Section 377a of the Penal Code 2008, which criminalised acts of ‘gross indecency’. For other states, the criminalisation of gender expression under such “cross-dressing” provisions is rooted in Sharia Law applied in addition to or in the absence of a statutory criminal provision. The Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC) was drafted on the recommendations of Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay and devised to ‘inculcate European morality into resistant masses.States continued to decriminalise in the 2000s such as Azerbaijan (2000), Georgia (2000) and Armenia (2003), all prior to becoming members of the Council of Europe, and separately USA (2003), Cape Verde (2004), San Marino (2004), Marshall Islands (2005), Nepal (2007), Nicaragua (2008), and Panama (2008). Read Human Dignity Trust’s Case Study on Belize for more information on how decriminalisation, and wider legislative reform of its sexual offences, was achieved.

Muslim Lawyers' Association deputy president Abdul Rahim Sinwan said unlike caning under civil laws, the punishment under Islamic laws isn't painful or harsh and was meant to educate the women so they will repent. The Cook Islands, a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand, inherited its criminalising provisions from the British during the colonial period, in which the English criminal law was imposed upon New Zealand and the Cook Islands. A few weeks ago, authorities removed the portraits of two LGBT rights activists from a public exhibition.Nevertheless, the criminalising provisions were implemented and LGBT people can be liable for other draconian punishments beyond the death penalty. In 1969, the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1968-1969 came into effect in Canada decriminalising sodomy and gross indecency if done in private between two consenting adults. Parliament approved, by consensus, the revised Penal Code, Law 35/2014, which replaced the former Penal Code from 1886.