Do any of your encounters contain elements better represented in a map rather than strictly described in the text? Most DMs and players appreciate maps, especially in areas with dungeons or other complex encounter areas.

In the next article, we’ll look at creating plot hooks and opening scenes for adventures. How many plot hooks are too many? What is the best way to start an adventure? How can you leverage parts of D&D to make the best opening possible? What are some common adventure design pitfalls with regards to opening scenes? Adventure design has changed with time and evolving game rules, but certain bits of content are included in most adventures. Those standard sections of an adventure, regardless of heading’s exact phrasing, are useful as you put together your outline, focusing your design path: Introduction Architect Louis Sullivan famously created the axiom: “form follows function.” Taken at its most basic level, this principle states that the form something takes is inherently informed by that thing’s purpose. Sullivan’s protégé, Frank Lloyd Wright, broadened that philosophy to explain the idea more clearly: “form and function are one.” To put this even more succinctly: where are the characters at the start of the adventure, where should they be at the end of the adventure, and what are some of the steps they might take on their journey from beginning to end. In our case, where we need to fill 4 hours. We can assume about 5-8 encounters within the understanding that some encounters might be skipped, or some encounters might be fairly short roleplaying or exploration encounters. Handouts, Maps, and AppendicesWhilst we will do everything we can to meet the delivery times above, there may be factors outside of our control and we cannot guarantee delivery within this time frame.

WizKids is releasing some new miniatures this March called Dungeons & Dragons Frameworks. These are a departure from what WizKids has produced in the past, and D&D is diving into the world of customizable sprue kits. D&D Frameworks offers a different miniature experience for those who like to paint minis but want more customization. We’ll discuss the design of encounters—and the use of the three pillars of play in D&D—in later articles, so for now I’ll just leave you with this: use your outlining time to get the general flow of your encounters, and stay attuned not only to what happens during the adventure, but how it happens. You probably want to vary the types of encounters to make sure that you don’t leave the DM trying to run the same type of encounter (combat, roleplaying, exploration, puzzles, etc.) over and over and over again. What you are talking about is not a Danish phenomenon. Many American DMs (and others I know from all over the world) run their games with a more improvisational style. And that is perfectly fine. But I am focusing in my articles on a more formal style of adventure design, with an eye toward creating adventures that you might want to publish, so you have no idea who your players might be and what their desires might be. I hope that improvisational DMs can still take some pointers from these articles, but I am definitely not focused in that direction.

When is an Outline Complete?

High-falutin’ ideas aside, common sense dictates that adventures written for yourself to DM for only your home group in 6 hours will be different than one to be played in two hours at a convention and run by DMs you know, which will itself be designed differently than a 12-hour adventure that you are writing for publication in a hardcover book. Ponder the function, then you are ready to start outlining the form.

Whatever you want to call them, these comprise the beating heart of your adventure. Many designers have a tendency, understandably so, to want to fully design here rather than outline. Perhaps, if you don’t have many parameters that you are designing for, you can do that. However, if you do have strictures on your play time and adventure scope, outlining first is important. SnobgoblinEU made the observation that in their experience it's better to evolve the story as the party progresses. Authors such as Michael Shae (Sly Flourish) and others have made the point of DM's falling into the trap of writing too far ahead, and the frustrations that can come when the party doesn't follow the DM's carefully planned-out story, and/or the material they feel they have to throw away as the party isn't going to use it (which can be reduced by recycling material, but that's another thread). Second, I think the cultural context of where you and your players are from is important. I had a discussion with other DM's from Denmark, and very few Danes would plan an adventure like this, because in Denmark, it's ok to develop things as you go, involve your players more, and let the adventure develop based upon their actions and reactions. I think some DM's, that are not american perhaps, struggle with this culture of having to have the answer for everything, having everything planned in advance, and not making errors as a DM. I think this is an important point to make, because some DM's might just give up before getting started creating fancy prep that they are never gonna use due to their cultural context with their friends as players :) Years later, I’m now older (and still foolish)—but I’m less foolish about the power and utility of outlines and planning. The lesson I’ve learned over the years, slowly and often painfully, is that although I wasn’t actively creating outlines before I started writing, I was passively outlining as I wrote, usually at the expense of many drafts of a project—and far too many wasted words. I thought I was saving time by not planning ahead, by not creating an outline, but I actually was wasting so much time haphazardly and inefficiently doing the work of outlining without even realizing I was doing an outline.Items currently discounted by other promotions are also not eligible for additional discounts via discount codes. Have you ever outlined an adventure, or even run an adventure entirely from an outline? Let us know in the comments. First, it would be useful to see the end product of these principles and ideas, like a couple of examples. In the case of the adventure we’re going to create together, let’s set some guidelines. We need it to be playable in 4 hours, because we’re going to design it for a standard convention slot. (Designing adventures for organized play campaigns also brings this limitation to your design.) This means I need to be very deliberate in the number of encounters, where they take place, and how much time each should take to resolve at the table. (If you are writing an adventure for a home group with no time limit, you might not need to do this, but it is good practice to set some limits anyway to focus your design. You can always remove the limits if necessary.)