According to French parish registers and civil status records, at the end of the 18th century, a little more than half of the grandparents were alive at the birth of their grandchild, a third when the child was 10 years old, and still 10% at 20 years old. [54] In rural France at the end of the 18th century, the majority of family systems were of the nuclear family type (grandparents did not cohabit in the family home, they were only welcomed there at the end of their lives). However, in regions such as Alsace, the west of Brittany, Occitania, or the Savoy region, the systems were more complex, with the stem family in particular: the home housed a succession of family nuclei, the patriarch having authority over this home, which could lead to conflict. These cohabitations were therefore managed from the time of marriage by notarial acts that provided for "clauses of insupport" to share the domestic space and tasks in case of conflict. [55] [56] Pixar Animation Studios". Archived from the original on January 26, 2021 . Retrieved December 12, 2022. Chang, Justin (February 5, 2021). "From 'Sound of Music' to 'All the Money ...,' Christopher Plummer was irreplaceable". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021 . Retrieved October 22, 2021. Busch, Jenna (February 12, 2009). "Up footage and Q&A!". JoBlo.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2009 . Retrieved February 14, 2009.

The pulled harissa lamb flatbread at Grandpa Greene's in Uppermill (Image: Manchester Evening News) Lee, Kin Cheung (George); Oh, Alice; Zhao, Qianru; Wu, Fang-Yi; Chen, Shiyun; Diaz, Thomas; Ong, Chez Kuang (2017-07-03). "Repentance in Chinese Buddhism: Implications for Mental Health Professionals". Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. 19 (3): 210–226. doi: 10.1080/19349637.2016.1204258. ISSN 1934-9637. S2CID 147858749.

Hogan, Ron (June 1, 2009). "Pixar's Up review". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021 . Retrieved October 22, 2021. Abraham, Raphael (December 17, 2020). "Pixar's Pete Docter on Soul and being animated by life's big questions". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020 . Retrieved September 15, 2023. Atlantis: The Lost Empire: Kida Nedakh • Vincenzo Santorini • Helga Sinclair • Milo Thatch • Audrey Ramirez Carl has the typical stubborn character of a man his age, but deep down he's a kind person but has his limits in patience and temper. He found Russell, Dug, and Kevin to be annoyances and obstructions in his goal to fulfill Ellie's dream of moving their home to Paradise Falls, but after he read her last message to him, he did what was right and saved Russell and Kevin, and accepted Dug as his dog. Moana: Moana • Maui • Pua • Hei Hei • Gramma Tala • Tamatoa • Baby Moana • Te Fiti • Kakamora Chief • Te Kā • Voyager Moana

Carl's relationship with Russell reflects how "he's not really ready for the whirlwind that a kid is, as few of us are". [33] Docter added he saw Up as a "coming of age" tale and an "unfinished love story", with Carl still dealing with the loss of his wife. [47] He cited inspiration from Casablanca and A Christmas Carol, which are both "resurrection" stories about men who lose something, and regain purpose during their journey. [48] Docter and Rivera cited inspirations from the Muppets, Hayao Miyazaki, Dumbo, and Peter Pan. They also saw parallels to The Wizard of Oz and tried to make Up not feel too similar. [49] There is a scene where Carl and Russell haul the floating house through the jungle. A Pixar employee compared the scene to Fitzcarraldo, and Docter watched that film and The Mission for further inspiration. [50] Del Priore, Mary (2007). O Príncipe Maldito . Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva. pp.67–69. ISBN 978-8573028676. Individuals who share the same great-grandparents but are not siblings or first cousins are "second cousins" to each other, as second cousins have grandparents who are siblings. Similarly, "third cousins" would have great-grandparents who are siblings, and "fourth cousins" would have great-great-grandparents who are siblings.Golden Globes 2010 winners: 'Avatar' wins best picture, drama". Entertainment Weekly. January 17, 2010 . Retrieved August 20, 2011. Some players think Grandpa calls his wife as "Granny" because this is her real name but DVloper said that Grandpa likes to call her Granny. Jordan Nagai as Russell Jang, an eight-year-old "Wilderness Explorer". [9] Throughout most of the film, he makes several comments to Carl that suggest that Russell's father and mother are separated or divorced. [10]

Carl appears at the Walt Disney Studios Park as a walkaround character. He also appears on the Up float in the Pixar Play Parade following its 2018 refurbishment. Graham, Mark (April 23, 2009). "2009 Cannes Film Festival Lineup Is Heavy on Auteurs". Vulture. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021 . Retrieved September 24, 2021. Terdiman, Daniel (February 25, 2013). " Brave nets Pixar its seventh best animated feature Oscar". CNET. Archived from the original on September 15, 2023 . Retrieved September 15, 2023.

a b Barnett, Melissa A.; Scaramella, Laura V.; Neppl, Tricia K.; Ontai, Lenna L.; Conger, Rand D. (2010). "Grandmother involvement as a protective factor for early childhood social adjustment". Journal of Family Psychology. 24 (5): 635–645. doi: 10.1037/a0020829. PMC 2976599. PMID 20954774. The representation of grandparents as grandparents is recent in France: Diderot invented the verbs grandpériser and grandmériser in the 18th century. Victor Hugo published L'Art d'être grand-père in 1877. [53] Barnes, Brooks (May 20, 2015). " 'Inside Out,' Pixar's New Movie From Pete Docter, Goes Inside the Mind". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 8, 2018 . Retrieved October 22, 2021.