Greek: "...ἐν τούτῳ γε μὴν νῆσοι μέγιστοι τυνχάνουσιν οὖσαι δύο, Βρεττανικαὶ λεγόμεναι, Ἀλβίων καὶ Ἰέρνη...", ...en toútōi ge mēn nēsoi mégistoi tynkhánousin ousai dýo, Brettanikaì legómenai, Albíōn kaì Iérnē..., "...there are two very large islands in it, called the British Isles, Albion and Ierne..." [25] Please note that Corrag has two alternate titles: The Highland Witchand Witch Light. If you’re looking for a historical fiction novel that combines a strong female protagonist and the Scottish Highlands, it’s one of the best Scotland books for you. The Game of Kings by Dorothy Dunnett In this novel, a serial killer is on the loose in the city, murdering multiple women. As he jumps into investigating the murders, Rebus begins to receive strange letters with cryptic messages. In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland, deposing King John. The following year William Wallace and Andrew de Moray raised forces to resist the occupation and under their joint leadership an English army was defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. For a short time Wallace ruled Scotland in the name of John Balliol as Guardian of the realm. Edward came north in person and defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. [75] Wallace escaped but probably resigned as Guardian of Scotland. In 1305, he fell into the hands of the English, who executed him for treason despite the fact that he owed no allegiance to England. [76] MacDonald, Alan R. (2007). The Burghs and Parliament in Scotland, c. 1550–1651. Aldershot: Ashgate. p.14. ISBN 978-0-754-65328-8. OL 10852797M.

Jonathan Israel (2011). Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights 1750–1790. Oxford U.P. p.233. ISBN 9780191620041. In this novel, readers follow two protagonists in a dual timeline: Carrie McClelland, a modern-day American author, and Sophia Paterson, Carrie’s ancestor who lived at Slains Castle in the early 1700s. We meet Carrie as she searches for inspiration for a new novel. After impulsively stopping by Slains Castle in Cruden Bay, she finds herself captivated by the ruins. Conversion to Christianity may have sped a long-term process of gaelicisation of the Pictish kingdoms, which adopted Gaelic language and customs. There was also a merger of the Gaelic and Pictish crowns, although historians debate whether it was a Pictish takeover of Dál Riata, or the other way around. This culminated in the rise of Cínaed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin) in the 840s, which brought to power the House of Alpin. [54] In 867 AD the Vikings seized the southern half of Northumbria, forming the Kingdom of York; [55] three years later they stormed the Britons' fortress of Dumbarton [56] and subsequently conquered much of England except for a reduced Kingdom of Wessex, [55] leaving the new combined Pictish and Gaelic kingdom almost encircled. [57] When he died as king of the combined kingdom in 900, Domnall II (Donald II) was the first man to be called rí Alban (i.e. King of Alba). [58] The term Scotia was increasingly used to describe the kingdom between North of the Forth and Clyde and eventually the entire area controlled by its kings was referred to as Scotland. [59] Scotland from the Matthew Paris map, c. 1250, showing Hadrian's Wall and above it the Antonine Wall, both depicted battlemented a b c d Devine, Tom M.; Finlay, Richard J., eds. (1996). Scotland in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press. pp.64–65. ISBN 0-748-60751-X. OL 742852M. Devine, Tom M. (February 1976). "The Colonial Trades and Industrial Investment in Scotland, c. 1700–1815". Economic History Review. 29 (1): 1–13. doi: 10.2307/2594504. JSTOR 2594504.

Cowen, Tyler; Kroszner, Randall (1989). "Scottish Banking before 1845: A Model for Laissez-Faire?". Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 21 (2): 221–231. doi: 10.2307/1992370. JSTOR 1992370. Miss Brodie is an unorthodox teacher at the Marcia Blaine School for Girls in Edinburgh in the 1930s. As you may have guessed from the title, she’s also in her prime. One day, Miss Brodie chooses six elite students to become her mentees. From that moment, the girls become known as “the Brodie set.” Findings is one of the best travel books about Scotland. In this publication, Jamie, a Scottish poet, provides readers with a soothing collection of essays to introduce us to her home country. Especially if you want to travel to Scotland but haven’t had the chance yet, this book will help you feel like you’re really there! D. Daiches, P. Jones and J. Jones, A Hotbed of Genius: The Scottish Enlightenment, 1730–1790 (1986).

When Alexander died in 1124, the crown passed to Margaret's fourth son David I, who had spent most of his life as a Norman French baron in England. His reign saw what has been characterised as a " Davidian Revolution", by which native institutions and personnel were replaced by English and French ones, underpinning the development of later Medieval Scotland. [68] [69] Members of the Anglo-Norman nobility took up places in the Scottish aristocracy and he introduced a system of feudal land tenure, which produced knight service, castles and an available body of heavily armed cavalry. He created an Anglo-Norman style of court, introduced the office of justicar to oversee justice, and local offices of sheriffs to administer localities. He established the first royal burghs in Scotland, granting rights to particular settlements, which led to the development of the first true Scottish towns and helped facilitate economic development as did the introduction of the first recorded Scottish coinage. He continued a process begun by his mother and brothers helping to establish foundations that brought reform to Scottish monasticism based on those at Cluny and he played a part in organising diocese on lines closer to those in the rest of Western Europe. [70] a b c d e Devine, Tom M. (2018). The Scottish Clearances: A History of the Dispossessed, 1600–1900. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-241-30410-5. OL 28224201M. Women of the Dunes is an exciting tale that weaves together three timelines: a Norsewoman in the 9th century, a servant girl in the 19th century, and a modern-day archeologist, Libby. The story slowly ties each of these women together as Libby works on a dig on the west coast of Scotland, where her great-great-grandmother once lived.

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Aristotle or Pseudo-Aristotle (1955). "On the Cosmos, 393b12". On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos. Translated by Forster, E. S.; Furley, D. J. Harvard University Press. pp.360–361. at the Open Library Project. DjVu Union of Crowns to Union of Parliaments: The Union of the Parliaments 1707". Education Scotland. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016 . Retrieved 23 November 2016.

In World War II, despite extensive bombing by the Luftwaffe, Scottish industry came out of the depression slump by a dramatic expansion of its industrial activity, absorbing unemployed men and many women as well. The shipyards were the centre of more activity, but many smaller industries produced the machinery needed by the British bombers, tanks and warships. [291] Agriculture prospered, as did all sectors except for coal mining, which was operating mines near exhaustion. Real wages, adjusted for inflation, rose 25 per cent, and unemployment temporarily vanished. Increased income, and the more equal distribution of food, obtained through a tight rationing system, dramatically improved the health and nutrition; the average height of 13-year-olds in Glasgow increased by 2 inches (51mm). [297] End of mass emigration [ edit ] Limited toleration and the influence of exiled Scots and Protestants in other countries, led to the expansion of Protestantism, with a group of lairds declaring themselves Lords of the Congregation in 1557 and representing their interests politically. The collapse of the French alliance and English intervention in 1560 meant that a relatively small, but highly influential, group of Protestants were in a position to impose reform on the Scottish church. A confession of faith, rejecting papal jurisdiction and the mass, was adopted by Parliament in 1560, while the young Mary, Queen of Scots, was still in France. [105] Main article: Prehistoric Scotland The oldest standing house in Northern Europe is at Knap of Howar, dating from 3500BC.Menzies, Gordon, ed. (2002) [1974]. The Scottish Nation: A history of the Scots from Independence to Union (2nd rev.ed.). Edinburgh University Press. p.179. ISBN 978-1-902-93039-8. OL 8766289M. Devine, Tom M. (1994). The transformation of rural Scotland: social change and the agrarian economy, 1660–1815. Edinburgh University Press. Or, for enthusiasts of historical fiction, the Outlander series stands as a testament to Scotland’s magnetic pull. But fear not, dear reader, for our literary journey extends beyond the realms of classics and historical fiction.