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Wente, Edward Frank (2001). "Scripts: Hieratic". In Donald Redford (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford, New York, and Cairo: Oxford University Press and The American University in Cairo Press. pp.206–210. Vol. 3. Hill, Marsha (2007). Gifts for the gods: images from Egyptian temples . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9781588392312.

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After the Ptolemies, who were of Macedonian descent, began to rule Egypt in the 300s B.C., Greek replaced Egyptian as the official court language. About 600 years later, in 384 A.D., the Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius approved a decree that banned pagan religion from being practiced in Egypt, which was the beginning of the end for the use of hieroglyphics, according to author Stephane Rossini. wsjr (written ws+ jr, with, as a phonetic complement, "the eye", which is read jr, following the determinative of "god"), meaning " Osiris"; Carsten Peust, " Über ägyptische Lexikographie. 1: Zum Ptolemaic Lexikon von Penelope Wilson; 2: Versuch eines quantitativen Vergleichs der Textkorpora antiker Sprachen", in Lingua Aegyptia 7, 2000: 245–260: "Nach einer von W. F. Reineke in S. Grunert & L Hafemann (Hrsgg.), Textcorpus und Wörterbuch (Problemeder Ägyptologie 14), Leiden 1999, S.xiii veröffentlichten Schätzung W. Schenkels beträgt die Zahl der in allen heute bekannten ägyptischen (d.h. hieroglyphischen und hieratischen) Texten enthaltenen Wortformen annähernd 5 Millio nen und tendiert, wenn man die Fälle von Mehrfachüberlieferung u.a. des Toten buchs und der Sargtexte separat zählt, gegen 10 Millionen; das Berliner Zettelarchiv des Wörterbuchs der ägyptischen Sprache von A. Erman & H. Grapow (Wb), das sei nerzeit Vollständigkeit anstrebte, umfasst "nur" 1,7 Millionen (nach anderen Angaben: 1,5 Millionen) Zettel." (p.246)

This mature system of ancient Egyptian writing took shape in the period of the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE). It continued through the New Kingdom and Late Period of ancient Egyptian history, and even into the period of Roman rule in Egypt in the 4th century CE! Outside of the Nile Valley, many of the signs used in the Byblos syllabary apparently were borrowed from Old Kingdom hieratic signs. [12] It is also known that early Hebrew used hieratic numerals. [13] Unicode [ edit ]Goldwasser, Orly (1991). "An Egyptian Scribe from Lachish and the Hieratic Tradition of the Hebrew Kingdoms". Tel Aviv: Journal of the Tel Aviv University Institute of Archaeology. 18: 248–253. Hieroglyphics is the most ornate script among Ancient Egyptian writing. It was used for monumental inscriptions, such as those found on great temples and tombs . You need to look closely at the hieroglyphs to find out. It depends on which way the people or animals are facing. For example, if an animal hieroglyph faces right, you read from right to left. If it faces left, you read from left to right (the same way that we do). Just to confuse you, sometimes they read Hieroglyphs from top to bottom.

Soukiassian, Georges; Michel Wuttmann; Laure Pantalacci (2002). Le palais des gouverneurs de l'époque de Pépy II: Les sanctuaires de ka et leurs dépendances. Cairo: Imprimerie de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire. ISBN 978-2-7247-0313-9. The oldest religious writings were inscribed in the walls and on the sarcophogi of the pyramids at Saqqara during the period of the Old Kingdom, between around 2613 and 2181 BCE. More specifically they were written during the 5th and 6th Dynasties of the Old Kingdom. These writings are called the Pyramid Texts. They discuss the lives of kings as well as information about myths, gods and ritual and are useful for students of ancient Egypt. How to teach your children about Ancient Egypt Writing The ancient Egyptian writing system is one of the oldest recorded languages that is known to the modern world, however it was not the only place where writing was invented. In fact, writing was invented in at least four other regions in the world at different times. They were not necessarily connected with each other, either. These places included Egypt, but also Mesopotamia, China and Mesoamerica.Houston, Stephen; Baines, John; Cooper, Jerrold (July 2003). "Last Writing: Script Obsolescence in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 45 (3). doi: 10.1017/s0010417503000227. ISSN 0010-4175. S2CID 145542213. As in the Arabic script, not all vowels were written in Egyptian hieroglyphs; it is debatable whether vowels were written at all. Possibly, as with Arabic, the semivowels /w/ and /j/ (as in English W and Y) could double as the vowels /u/ and /i/. In modern transcriptions, an e is added between consonants to aid in their pronunciation. For example, nfr "good" is typically written nefer. This does not reflect Egyptian vowels, which are obscure, but is merely a modern convention. Likewise, the ꜣ and ꜥ are commonly transliterated as a, as in Ra ( rꜥ).

I found this an interesting read. I know little about the culture of Ancient Egypt beyond a few obvious things - Mummies, Pyramids and hieroglyphics - so there was a lot of new information in here to get my teeth into.who guides you, who guides you? I say, who guides you, who guides you? You have [strayed from] the way of life! Did heaven rain down arrows? I was [content] that Southerners bowed down and Northerners [said], “Put us in your shadow!” Did it alienate when the king...bearing gifts? The will is a steering-oar: it capsizes its owner if the wrath of god dictates; it sees heat as coolness...He who is seen with his father has not yet grown old. Your provinces are full of children.’ Besides the uniliteral glyphs, there are also the biliteral and triliteral signs, to represent a specific sequence of two or three consonants, consonants and vowels, and a few as vowel combinations only, in the language. All medieval and early modern attempts were hampered by the fundamental assumption that hieroglyphs p +ḫpr +r +j (the four complementaries frame the triliteral sign of the scarab beetle) → it reads ḫpr.j, meaning the name " Khepri", with the final glyph being the determinative for 'ruler or god'.