Ernst, E. 2007, “A re-evaluation of kava (Piper methysticum)”, British journal of clinical pharmacology, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 415-417. Almost half of dogs show an atypical anxiety response to loud noises – especially to fireworks. This anxiety is also more prevalent in older dogs and it is unlikely that they will spontaneously recover from such a phobia over time. A signal is also simultaneously propagated along the ‘High Road’. The signal again, travels from the thalamus to the amygdala; however, it travels via the sensory cortex and the hippocampus. The result of this is the ability to associate the stressor with previous learned experiences, thus a more rational response to the stressor is produced (Neilson JC, 2002). Because of all the associated problems with sedative drug use, they are no longer recommended for use in treatment of phobias or anxiety (Neilson JC, 2002; Casey R, 2002). Antidepressants Anxious dogs will be vocal and may be reluctant to remain still. They may also defecate or urinate whilst travelling and/or vomit.

This highly useful treatment is great for dogs who suffer from noise phobia, separation anxiety and situational phobias. Best used in conjunction with behavioural programmes, but can also be used on its own. The clinical signs of a dog suffering from a situational phobia are the same, no matter what the trigger stimulus is. These signs can include any of the following; vocalisation, trembling, urination/defecation, attempted escape, reluctance to leave the owner’s side or in rare cases, aggression.When exposed to a stressor, the activity of the involved neurotransmitter pathway is altered. The activity of the serotonergic and GABAnergic pathways are decreased whilst the activity of noradrenaline pathways are increased. L-theanine is able to cross the blood brain barrier within 30 minutes of ingestion (Bryan J, 2008); upon crossing the blood brain barrier L-theanine almost instantly begins inducing the production of alpha waves by the brain. Alpha waves are associated with the relaxed state of mind. Araujo et al. 2010. Anxitane tablets reduce fear of human beings in a model of anxiety-related behaviour. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 5, 268-275 Given 30-60 minutes before the desired effect is required, with at least 4-6 hours between feeds. Can be given twice in 24 hours if needed. In terms of safety P. methysticum has been clinically proven to be both a safe and effective treatment for anxiety, with strong evidence to support its anxiolytic effects (Sarris, 2011; Lakhan S.E., 2010).

Because it prevents the muscle contractions that produce body postures characteristic of panic and hysteria, kava may prevent thunder phobia by maintaining a relaxed physiology, and it helps dogs respond to massage and other manipulations that realign the body. Sarris 2011 Kava: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and psychopharmacology. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 45:27–35 Pereira et al. 2010. Effect of dietary intake of L-Tryptophan supplementation on working dogs demonstrating stress related behaviours. BSAVA congress 2010 Scientific Proceedings. Schmidt, M., Nahrstedt, A. & Lüpke, N.P. 2002, “Piper methysticum (Kava) in der Diskussion: Betrachtungen zu Qualität, Wirksamkeit und Unbedenklichkeit***”, Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, vol. 152, no. 15-16, pp. 382-388. For best results CALMEX® should be administered for three days prior to a stressful event. If required, double the recommended amount can be given 30-60 minutes prior to an acute stressor.

Dog Tablets

CEVA, the producers of Selgian, state that it can take anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks before the clinical signs of anxiety associated with noise related phobias are reduced. Piper methysticum – a plant extract that has been used and proven for its natural calming properties over centuries. The sale of P. methysticum for oral use in humans was prohibited in the UK in 2003 based on theories that there may be an associated risk between hepatotoxicity and Piper methysticum.

It has been proven that these vitamins support the availability and production of key neurotransmitters such as; serotonin, noradrenaline, GABA and dopamine (Combs GF, 2008). Vitamin B6 is also important in the synthesis of coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate which is essential in metabolism of serotonin. Synergistic Properties of CALMEX ® For therapeutic use in dogs, DAP is made airborne. This is achieved by using short range plug-in diffusers, sprays or heat activated collars. Once airborne, DAP reaches the vomeronasal organ of the dog which is located in close proximity to the oral cavity and the nasal passage. The role of the vomeronasal is to respond to chemical messengers i.e. pheromones and initiate the appropriate response. Each pheromone produces a single, specific response and can only achieve this response in conspecifics. DAP invokes a calm and reassured mood. Because of the nature of such drugs, the intensity of the emotional impact from a stressor may actually increase, as the dog is aware of the situation but unable to react in a manner to reduce its anxiety. This will negatively impact on any previous existing anxieties or phobias, possibly undoing previous corrective action and creating negative associations for future interactions with the stimulus.Neilson JC, 2002. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Behavioural Medicine. Chpt 18. Edited by D. Horwitz, D. Mills and S. Heath Zylkéne is a natural product derived from cow’s milk, it has been clinically proven to “help cats and dogs manage stress and facilitate adaption to change.” Tribasic Calcium Phosphate, Porcine Liver Powder, Rhodiola rosea, Root Powder, Magnesium Stearate, Yeast, Sodium Chloride, Fructose Dogs can experience stress and anxiety in a variety of situations, including exposure to loud noises and being separated from their owner. CALMEX® is a unique blend of ingredients, proven to help support relaxation at these times, and can be used as part of a multi-modal approach, alongside behavioural training techniques. In clinical trials, Zylkéne has only been tested for its long term effects (tested over a period of 56 days). A reduction in anxiety related clinical signs following the use of Zylkéne were only observed after a couple of weeks. The use of casein tryptic hydrolysate i.e. Zylkéne has not been recommended as an alternative to benzodiazepine for acute treatment of anxiety (recommendation made by Jamie Rushton, a clinical Behaviourist and Veterinarian), despite often being referred to as ‘the natural benzodiazepine’.

There are a number of side effects associated with these drugs including; unwanted sedation, constipation, diarrhoea, urinary retention, appetite changes, ataxia, cardiac arrhythmia and alterations in blood pressure. Because phobic responses put a large amount of stress of the individual, it is beneficial to attempt to ‘cure’ them. This is often achieved by pharmacological and/or behavioural management. Clinical trials have shown that the best CBD dog treats are effective in reducing fearful behavior and its use for treating anxiety related behavior.

Equine Sachets

The amygdala also regulates the release of adrenaline, which promotes the sympathetic nervous system and noradrenaline another stress related hormone. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline are neurotransmitters.