Zenobia turned her court into a center of learning, with many intellectuals and sophists reported in Palmyra during her reign. [122] As academics migrated to the city, it replaced classical learning centers such as Athens for Syrians. [122] The best-known court philosopher was Longinus, [123] who arrived during Odaenathus' reign and became Zenobia's tutor in paideia (aristocratic education). [124] [122] Many historians, including Zosimus, accused Longinus of influencing the queen to oppose Rome. [125] [124] This view presents the queen as malleable, [124] but, according to Southern, Zenobia's actions "cannot be laid entirely at Longinus' door". [38] Other intellectuals associated with the court included Nicostratus of Trapezus and Callinicus of Petra. [126]

Bland, Roger (2011). "The Coinage of Vabalathus and Zenobia from Antioch and Alexandria". The Numismatic Chronicle. The Royal Numismatic Society. 171. ISSN 2054-9202. Paul of Samosata is considered a heretic by mainstream Christianity, accused of denying the preexistence of Christ. [139] The earliest reference to the relationship between Zenobia and Paul of Samosata comes from Athanasius of Alexandria's fourth-century History of the Arians. [140] According to Eusebius, Paul preferred to be called "ducenarius" instead of bishop; [141] [136] There is evidence that he held this rank in the service of Zenobia. [137] There is no evidence that Paul was invited to the Palmyrene court, and his relationship with Zenobia was exaggerated by later sources. [119] [41] The queen may have supported him as bishop to promote religious tolerance. [119] Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus Vervaet, Frederik J. (2007). "The Reappearance of the Supra-Provincial Commands in the Late Second and Early Third Centuries C.E.: Constitutional and Historical Considerations". In Hekster, Olivier; De Kleijn, Gerda; Slootjes, Daniëlle (eds.). Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20–24, 2006. Impact of Empire. Vol.7. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16050-7.On the basis of Zenobia's Palmyrene name, Bat Zabbai, her father may have been called Zabbai; alternatively, Zabbai may have been the name of a more distant ancestor. [23] The historian Trevor Bryce suggests that she was related to Septimius Zabbai, Palmyra's garrison leader, and he may even have been her father. [23] The archaeologist Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau, attempting to reconcile the meaning of the name "Bat Zabbai" with the inscription mentioning the queen as daughter of Antiochus, suggested that two brothers, Zabbai and Antiochus, existed, with a childless Zabbai dying and leaving his widow to marry his brother Antiochus. Thus, since Zenobia was born out of a levirate marriage, she was theoretically the daughter of Zabbai, hence the name. [36] Bray, John Jefferson (1997). Gallienus: A Study in Reformist and Sexual Politics. Wakefield Press. ISBN 978-1-86254-337-9.

Al-Tabari's account does not mention the Romans, Odaenathus, Vaballathus or the Sassanians; [15] focusing on the tribes and their relations, it is immersed in legends. [52] Although the account is certainly based on the story of Zenobia, [15] it is probably conflated with the story of a semi-legendary nomadic Arab queen (or queens). [53] [52] Al-Zabba' 's fortress was probably Halabiye, which was restored by the historic Palmyrene queen and named Zenobia. [15] Queen of Palmyra [ edit ] Consort [ edit ] Odaenathus, a bust dated to the 250s Cyrus Cambyses Darius I Xerxes Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Artaxerxes IV Darius III Schneider, Eugenia Equini (1993). Septimia Zenobia Sebaste (in Italian). Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. ISBN 978-88-7062-812-8. Powers, David S. (2010). "Demonizing Zenobia: The legend of al-Zabbā in Islamic Sources". In Roxani, Eleni Margariti; Sabra, Adam; Sijpesteijn, Petra (eds.). Histories of the Middle East: Studies in Middle Eastern Society, Economy and Law in Honor of A.L. Udovitch. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18427-5. Uruk VI dynasty: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk Sîn-kāšid Sîn-iribam Sîn-gāmil Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu

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Palmer, Allison Lee (2020) [2011]. Historical Dictionary of Neoclassical Art and Architecture (2ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-538-13359-0. Bryce, Trevor (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-100292-2.

Kulikowski, Michael (2016). Imperial Triumph: The Roman World from Hadrian to Constantine. Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-84765-437-3. That got us thinking though, that we’re looking at every possible item from Hi-Gear so it would be good to narrow our search down even further and only look at Hi-Gear branded products within the 5 – 6 Person Tents category. The cost of Hi-Gear 5 – 6 Person Tents Parsons, Peter J. (1967). "A Proclamation of Vaballathus?". Chronique d'Égypte. Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire. 42 (84): 397–401. doi: 10.1484/J.CDE.2.308102. ISSN 0009-6067. Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra (1857) by Harriet Hosmer, exhibited at the Art Institute of Chicago. [245]

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Adad-nirari II Tukulti-Ninurta II Ashurnasirpal II Shalmaneser III Shamshi-Adad V Shammuramat ♀ (regent) Adad-nirari III Shalmaneser IV Ashur-Dan III Ashur-nirari V Aliksān, Jān (1989). التشخيص والمنصة: دراسات في المسرح العربي المعاصر[ Platform Diagnosis: Studies in Contemporary Arab Theater] (in Arabic). اتحاد الكتاب العرب (Arab Writers Union). OCLC 4771160319.