In the code, you can see we have a long list of if else statements controlling the speed of each motor. This code works for our snake and our photocell sensor/motor combination. If you have changed the materials for your snake or find that these values don't work for you, when feel free to change the values until you find speed control that works for you. Our snake is meant to work in low light and at a pretty fast speed. If you want your snake slower, for example, you may want to widen your range of lrValues in the if else statements, so that it will take a high powered light directed at one sensor before the motors reach highest speed. Play around with sensors. Shine a flashlight into them to make the readings spike, cover them to make the readings drop. Your readings may have different values than ours, this is okay. Each sensor is different and it depends on the ambient light in the room at the time. We also found that each motor needed a minimum value of speed (ours was 100) to be able to pull the weight of the snake. There could never be a speed value of 0 going to a motor. If a motor would completely stop, it would then take too much work to get the motor moving again. In this step we will be taking the three photocell sensors and using them to drive the motor speeds. In our code we will be refering the motors to Motor A or Motor B, based on where they are plugged into the motor shield, and the sensors will be Sensor 3, Sensor 4, and Sensor 5, based on where they are attached to the analog readings. Sensor 3 and Sensor 4 will be the directional sensors and Sensor 5 will be the ambient light sensor.

We then subtract photocellDifference1 and photocellDifference2 from each other and store it in lrValue. By taking this difference, we are able to tell how much more light each directional sensor is sensing. If this number is negative than it means Sensor 4 has less light than Sensor 3 and more speed should be directed at Motor B. If the lrValue is positive than it means that Sensor 3 has more light than Sensor 4 and more speed should be directed to Motor A. Scientists noticed the wriggling portions provided stability to keep the snake from tipping over. As more of the snake reached the step, its front body section would get longer and its rear section would get shorter while the middle body section remained roughly the same length, suspended vertically above the two steps. They're based in convenient locations including supermarkets, newsagents and train stations. Plus they're often open late and on Sundays. Make sure that after "PORT:" it says something like "usbserial-A700xxx". If not, select "RESCAN SERIAL PORTS". The SnakeBot, also known as a snake robot, is a biomorphic hyper-redundant robot that resembles a biological snake. Snake robots come in many shapes and sizes, from as long as four stories (earthquake SnakeBot developed by SINTEF [1]) to a medical SnakeBot developed at Carnegie Mellon University that is thin enough to maneuver around organs inside a human chest cavity. Though SnakeBots can very greatly in size and design, there are two qualities that all SnakeBot share. The small cross-section-to-length ratios allow them to move into and maneuver through tight spaces and their ability to change the shape of their bodies allows them to perform a wide range of behaviors, such as climbing stairs or tree trunks. Additionally, many snake robots are constructed by chaining together several independent links. This redundancy can make them resistant to failure because they can continue to operate even if parts of their body are destroyed. Properties such as high terrainability, redundancy, and the possibility of complete sealing of the body of the robot, make snake robots very interesting for practical applications and hence as a research topic. [2] [3] A SnakeBot is different from a snake-arm robot in that the SnakeBot robot types are usually more self-contained, where a snake-arm robot usually has remote mechanicals from the arm itself, possibly connected to a larger system.In this step we will be setting up three photocell sensors, all of these will be needed to complete the snake. Two of these sensors will become directional sensors, controlling the motors. The more light either the right or left sensor will have will control how much power each of the motors will receive, controlling the speed and direction of the snake’s movement. The last sensor will become the ambient light sensor, detecting how much light is in the room. This is necessary for each of the directional sensors so they can tell how much more light is being directed at them; and it is necessary for the leds, if the room is dark, the leds will light up. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. I'm using a servo motor shield from seeed studios, but I am sort of just using it as a perf board, but a convenient one because all the ground and power pins to my servo motor are already jumped together, with a screw terminal for the battery input. And ignore those wires hanging off the board - I had prefiously soldered on female header pins for another use of the board, so I removed them so I could use this here. I eventually clipped them off but you can see them in the pics. Again, in this step, we found it was easiest to draw out what we wanted timing wise, so we could easily see when to turn on and off each component.

Find sources: "Snakebot"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( September 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) This step is not adding anything new to the arduino, but marking the end of the electrical portion of the project and beginning the materials portion. From here on out, all the pieces we mentioned separately in previous steps need to be brought together and starting to create a cohesive project. We give a picture of everything we have added to the breadboard and the arduino setup. We also have the finished code that we will be using to control the snake from here on out. Adding the vibration motor is very similar to the LEDs. It does not require to be connected to the 5V power supply on the arduino board, but gets it’s power from the Pin it connects to. We are connecting the vibration motor to Pin 10. It does not matter what pin you connect the vibration motor to, but we wanted to physically separate it from the LED groups for less confusion.Transeth, Aksel Andreas; Pettersen, Kristin Ytterstad (Dec 2006). "Developments in Snake Robot Modeling and Locomotion". 2006 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision. pp.1–8. doi: 10.1109/ICARCV.2006.345142. ISBN 978-1-4244-0341-7. S2CID 2337372. SnakeBots are currently being researched as a new type of robotic, interplanetary probe by engineers at the NASA Ames Research Center. Software for SnakeBot is also being developed by NASA for them to be able to learn by experiencing the skills to scale obstacles and remember the techniques. To get started, we used low-voltage motors with tape on the end of each axle to test whether our code was working or not. In the beginning, it is more important to get a prototype working, which can be expanded upon to get a final product. The motors we used in this step were not the final motors we used, but they worked the same and allowed us to work on the project until we could find motors that were better suited for our needs. We used a similar setup as the instructable example for our photocell sensors. When getting one sensor, it is exactly the same. Just make sure the analog pins are placed in pins 2-5, as the motors will be using 0 and 1 (even though they are not plugged into them). We have used analog pins 3, 4, and 5. Where 3 and 4 are the directional sensors and 5 is the ambient sensor.

Sneel is an open-source, biomimetic, locomotive, aquatic robot. The electromechanical design of Sneel mimics the structure and motion of a real water snake, as a test to explore swimming behavior in an undulating linear robot. The inspiration for Sneel originates from a fascination with reptilian forms of motility and the implications of modelling hardware from biological structures and functions. Sneel uses a custom-written software library to propagate an oscillating wave down a line of servo motors that comprise the robot’s body. The current model is a platform for the development of other low-cost snake drones, with semi-autonomous navigational control for waypoint following, and sensing capabilities for obstacle avoidance. Worldwide applications for Sneel include remote marine data collection of salinity / toxicity levels, nuclear level monitoring, pipeline or underwater exploration, fishery monitoring, and oil-collection.

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The attached graphs show the output angle values of each servo mapped over time, slightly out of phase from each other. The difference is when there is a different offset (delay in the time it takes one servo to get to the angle of the previous one in the line of waves).

Attach wire into the Channel A and Channel B slots on the motor shield and attach the ends of the motors. You do not have to solder these yet, it will be easier if they are just twisted around the positive and negative tabs for easy removal in future steps. When setting up multiple sensors, just use the same circuit example as the first one. Each sensor must have its own line to power and ground and cannot be a part of the same circuit; this will make finishing the snake easier in future steps. Also, make sure your resistors are the same, since this affects the analog readings, we need all the sensors to be reading similar values. Previous studies had mainly looked at snake movements on flat surfaces, but rarely in 3D terrain, except for on trees. Li said these did not necessarily account for real-life large obstacles such as pieces of rubble and debris that search and rescue robots would have to scale. Again, the code is similar to the photocell instructable. We create photocellReading variables to store the analog readings from the pins and then start the main loop. We will set the variable to the analog reading and print it out to see if it is working. We pause for 1 second, or else the reading will print out so fast we will be unable to read them.Just string the other piece of string through. Leave about 10 inches of string on the inside, and a little more on the outside. This string acts solely as a tether. You can eventually lengthen it by attaching another string to it so that you can have a longer tether. Prepare the xbee breakout board (solder on the 2 rows of male headers and 2 rows of 2mm xbee female headers) So if you have the servo shield, solder on the screw terminal; two rows of headers where the 6V and GND from the battery are connected. Solder on male headers so it will mount in your seeeduino (or arduino) mega. I'm using the seeeduino again because i had it around, and because it is smaller so it fits better into the skin tube (the protective outer layer).