a b c d e f Qian, Gonglin (2004). Chinese fans: artistry and aesthetics. San Francisco: Long River Press. ISBN 978-1-59265-020-0. OCLC 867778328. Personalized Wedding Fans, Wedding Favors For Guests, Custom Hand Fan Wedding, Summer Wedding, Rustic Wedding Favors, Wedding Favors Ideas Alexander, Helene & Hovinga-Van Eijsden, Fransje. A Touch of Dutch - Fans from the Royal House of Orange-Nassau, The Fan Museum, February 2008, ISBN 0-9540319-5-4 Lazatin, Hannah (28 May 2018). "The Secret Messages Filipinas Used to Send With Their Abanikos". Esquire . Retrieved 17 July 2021.

Hand Fans - Etsy UK Hand Fans - Etsy UK

Next to the folding fan, the rigid hand screen fan was also a highly decorative and desired object among the higher social classes. Its purpose is different since they are more cumbersome to carry around. They were mostly used to shield a lady's face against the glare of the sun or the fire.Christian Europe's earliest known fan was the flabellum (ceremonial fan), which dates from the 6th century. It was used during services to drive insects away from the consecrated bread and wine. Its use died out in western Europe, but continues in the Eastern Orthodox and Ethiopian Churches. There were many kinds of fans in ancient China. [3] The Chinese character for "fan" ( 扇) is etymologically composed of the characters for "door" ( 戶) and "feather" ( 羽). Historically, fans have played an important aspect in the life of the Chinese people. [4] The Chinese have used hand-held fans as a way to relieve themselves during hot days since the ancient times; the fans are also an embodiment of the wisdom of Chinese culture and art. [5] They were also used for ceremonial and ritual purposes [6] and as a sartorial accessory when wearing hanfu. [4] They were also carriers of Chinese traditional arts and literature and were representative of its user's personal aesthetic sense and their social status. [6] Specific concepts of status and gender were associated with types of fans in Chinese history, but generally folding fans were reserved for males while rigid fans were for females. Yarwood, Doreen (2011). Illustrated encyclopedia of world costume. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-486-43380-6. OCLC 678535823.

Simply Motorised Handheld Fan - Halfords Simply Motorised Handheld Fan - Halfords

Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301 a b Verschuer, Charlotte von (2006). Across the perilous sea: Japanese trade with China and Korea from the seventh to the sixteenth centuries. Cornell University. p.72. ISBN 1-933947-03-9. Another Japanese creation enjoyed great success among foreigners: the folding fans. It was invented in Japan in the eighth or ninth century, when only round and fixed (uchiwa) fans made of palm leaves were known. -- their usage had spread throughout China in antiquity. Two types of folding fans developed: one was made of cypress-wood blades bound by a thread (hiogi); the other had a frame with fewer blades which was covered in Japanese paper and folded in a zigzag patterns (kawahori-ogi). "The paper fan was described by a thirteenth-century Chinese author, but well before that date Chōnen had offered twenty wooden-bladed fans and two paper fans to the emperor of China." a b Qian, Gonglin (2000). Chinese fans: artistry and aesthetics. Long River Press. p.12. ISBN 1-59265-020-1. The first folding fan arrived as a tribute that was brought to China by a Japanese monk in 988. Writings of both Japanese and Chinese scholars concerning the folding fan, which was believed to have been first invented in Japan, apparently suggest that it received its shape from the design of a bat's wing.Wumingshan [ edit ] Female attendants of Emperor Taizong holding large oblong fans known as wumingshan or zhangshan. a b Lipinski, Edward R. (1999). The New York Times home repair almanac: a season-by-season guide for maintaining your home. Lebhar-Friedman Books. ISBN 0-86730-759-5. The Japanese developed the folding fan, the Akomeogi, during the sixth century. Portuguese traders introduced it to the west in the 16th century and soon both men and women throughout the continent adopted it.

Folding Hand Fans - Etsy UK Folding Hand Fans - Etsy UK

Behnke, Alison (2003). Japan in pictures. Minneapolis, MN.: Lerner Publications Co. ISBN 0-8225-1956-9. OCLC 46991889. Fans were also used in the military as a way of sending signals on the field of battle. However, fans were mainly used for social and court activities. In Japan, fans were variously used by warriors as a form of weapon, by actors and dancers for performances, and by children as a toy. A large group that continues to use folding hand fans for cultural and fashion use are drag queens. Stemming from ideas of imitating and appropriating cultural ideas of excess, wealth, status and elegance, large folding hand fans, sometimes 12 inches (30cm) or more in radius, are used to punctuate speech, as part of performances, or as accessories to an outfit. Fans may have phrases taken from the lexicon of drag and LGBTQ+ culture written on them, and may be decorated in other ways, such as the addition of sequins or tassels.Nathan, Richard (17 April 2020). "The First Portable Device Loved by Japan's Literati". Red Circle Authors . Retrieved 12 January 2021. Fan case made of high quality leather. Leather case with flap and pin. Special to protect your fan as a mother's day gift, for bride. It has been said that in the courts of England, Spain and elsewhere, fans were used in a more or less secret, unspoken code of messages. [33] These fan languages were a way to cope with the restricting social etiquette. However, modern research has proved that this was a marketing ploy developed in the 19th century [34] – one that has kept its appeal remarkably over the succeeding centuries. This is now used for marketing by fan makers like Cussons & Sons & Co. Ltd who produced a series of advertisements in 1954 showing "the language of the fan" with fans supplied by the well known French fan maker Duvelleroy. [ citation needed] Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). " Ōgi" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 738., p. 738, at Google Books In the 17th century the folding fan, and its attendant semiotic culture, were introduced from China and Japan. By the end of the 17th century, there were enormous imports of China folding in Europe due to its popularity and to a lesser extent, Japanese folding fans were also reaching Europe by that period. [4]

Hand fan - Wikipedia Hand fan - Wikipedia

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) a b c d e f g "Chinese Fans | Chinese Art Gallery | China Online Museum". www.chinaonlinemuseum.com . Retrieved 2021-03-28. Personalized Wooden Fans，Bulk Wedding Fans，Wedding Folding Hand Fan,Hen Do Fan for Bridal Party,Bridesmaid Gifts The Simply Motorised Handheld Fan is a convenient travel size so you can have it with you at all times, helping to keep you cool. The fan has been designed with foam blades that help to create an improved airflow, as well as being extra safe so there is no risk to your fingers. It is powerful with a 4500rpm motor, providing you with plenty of cool air when sat out in the sun.

a b Hutt, Julia; Alexander, Hélène (1992). Ōgi: a history of the Japanese fan. Dauphin Pub. p.14. ISBN 1-872357-08-3. It was recorded in the Song Shu [sic.: the Song Sui is the correct source], the official history of the Chinese Song dynasty (960-1279), that in 988 a Japanese monk, Chonen, presented at court gifts of... "There are also numerous references to folding fans in the great classical literature of the Heian period (794-1185), in particular the Genji Monogatari ( The Tale of Genji) by Murasaki Shikibu and the Makura no Sōshi ( The Pillow Book) by Sei Shōnagon. Already by the end of tenth century, the popularity of folding fans was such that sumptuary laws were promulgated during Chōho era (999-1003) which restricted the decoration of both hiogi and paper folding fans." In the 15th and early 16th century, Chinese folding fans were introduced in Europe and later played an important role in the social circles of Europe in the 18th century. [4] [29] :82 The Portuguese traders first opened up the sea route to China in the 15th century and reached Japan in the mid-16th century, [30] :26 and appear to be the first people who introduced Oriental (Chinese and Japanese) fans in Europe which lead to their popularity, as well as the increased oriental fan imports in Europe. [4] [31] :251 Bennett, Anna G. & Berson, Ruth Fans in fashion. Publisher Charles E. Tuttle Co. Inc & The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (1981) ISBN 0-88401-037-6 a b c d e f g h i "Chinese Fan — History, Tradition, and Culture | ChinaFetching". ChinaFetching.com . Retrieved 2022-08-19. Hand fans were absent from Europe during the High Middle Ages until they were reintroduced in the 13th and 14th centuries. Fans from the Middle East were brought by Crusaders, and refugees from the Byzantine Empire.