a b Gaskell, Jeremy (2000). Who Killed the Great Auk?. Oxford University Press (USA). p.152. ISBN 0-19-856478-3. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021 . Retrieved November 18, 2020. The erect-crested penguin is an endangered species. The population of mature erect-crested penguins is estimated to consist of around 150,000 individuals, and is thought to be declining, possibly due to the fishing industry.

International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 9, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Humboldt Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020. Penguins may not be able to fly, but they more than make up for it with their swimming skills – necessary as they spend most of their lives in the water. With flippers instead of wings, penguins can swim 15 miles an hour and do most of their hunting in the deep where they catch krill, squid, and fish. On land, they stand upright and waddle or run, or when in a hurry can switch to ‘tobogganing’ by lying on their stomach and using their flippers to propel, steer, and brake. The white-flippered penguin has white markings on its flippers. It is found on the Banks Peninsula of New Zealand’s South Island, and on Motunau Island, a nature reserve that lies off the coast of South Island.

King penguin

Rafferty, John. "Emperor Penguin". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Britannica Encyclopedia Inc. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021 . Retrieved January 20, 2021.

The great auk of the Northern Hemisphere, now extinct, was superficially similar to penguins, and the word penguin was originally used for that bird centuries ago. They are only distantly related to the penguins, but are an example of convergent evolution. [62] Isabelline penguins An isabelline Adélie penguin on Gourdin Island Jadwiszczak, P. (2009). "Penguin past: The current state of knowledge". Polish Polar Research. 30: 3–28. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022 . Retrieved November 13, 2014. Outside of the breeding season, the Snares penguin forages over a wide area, including the Tasman Sea and the eastern Indian Ocean. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (October 1, 2016). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Erect-crested Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020.Nevertheless, the white-flippered penguin features a distinct plumage coloration that’s mostly gray, rather than blue. It also has a white stripe on both flippers, hence the name. Eating so much seafood means drinking a lot of saltwater, but penguins have a way to remove it. The supraorbital gland, located just above their eye, filters salt from their bloodstream, which is then excreted through the bill—or by sneezing! But this doesn’t mean they chug seawater to quench their thirst: penguins drink meltwater from pools and streams and eat snow for their hydration fix. Some recent sources [3] [30] apply the phylogenetic taxon Spheniscidae to what here is referred to as Spheniscinae. Furthermore, they restrict the phylogenetic taxon Sphenisciformes to flightless taxa, and establish the phylogenetic taxon Pansphenisciformes as equivalent to the Linnean taxon Sphenisciformes, [30] i.e., including any flying basal "proto-penguins" to be discovered eventually. Given that neither the relationships of the penguin subfamilies to each other nor the placement of the penguins in the avian phylogeny is presently resolved, this is confusing, so the established Linnean system is followed here. The Antarctic krill, a crustacean that is abundant in Antarctic waters, forms the bulk of the Adélie penguin’s diet.

Most penguins are monogamous. This means that male and female pairs will mate exclusively with each other for the duration of mating season. In many cases, the male and female will continue to mate with each other for most of their lives. For example, research has found that chinstrap penguins re-paired with the same partner 82 percent of the time and gentoo penguins re-paired 90 percent of the time. Penguins have been immortalised on the big and small screens: singing with Mary Poppins, stealing the Muppet Shows show, dancing their hearts out in Happy Feet, protecting the oceans with the Octonauts, and being a criminal mastermind in Wallace & Gromit. Penguin swimming under water, Galapagos". Youtube.com. April 14, 2008. Archived from the original on June 8, 2014 . Retrieved September 8, 2013. Penguins of Australia and New Zealand". Southern Indian Education Center. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012 . Retrieved September 8, 2013.The species’ eggs are incubated by the males, who huddle together in large groups for warmth. During this time, the egg is held on the top of the male’s feet to keep it warm.

Thomas, D.B.; Fordyce, R.E. (2007). "The heterothermic loophole exploited by penguins". Australian Journal of Zoology. 55 (#5): 317–321. doi: 10.1071/zo07053. Ed Young (October 20, 2015). "Busting Myths About Penguin Feathers". National Geographic. Archived from the original on October 7, 2018 . Retrieved October 7, 2018. Grobman, Arnold Brams (1964). Book: BSCS Biology, By Arnold Brams Grobman. Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 9780787290085. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021 . Retrieved November 18, 2020. The Humboldt penguin takes its name from the Humboldt Current, a current of cold water that flows northwards along the western coast of South America. The Humboldt Current itself was discovered by the Prussian naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt.Karleskint, George (2012). Introduction to Marine Biology. Cengage Publishing. p.30. ISBN 978-1285402222. Archived from the original on July 21, 2020 . Retrieved August 15, 2018. Feathers are quite important to penguins living around Antarctica during the winter. Emperor penguins ( Aptenodytes forsteri) have the highest feather density of any bird, at 100 feathers per square inch. In fact, the surface feathers can get even colder than the surrounding air, helping to keep the penguin’s body stays warm. The yellow-eyed penguin is the fourth-largest penguin, and the largest that breeds on mainland New Zealand. As its name suggests, it has yellow eyes. Other distinguishing features include a yellow band that runs from eye to eye behind the head and an orange-pink bill and feet. Emperor penguin not out of the woods yet". 3 News NZ. June 25, 2011. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013 . Retrieved November 21, 2012.