the afterlife (provided their heart was light from doing lots of good deeds while they were alive, and their name was written down somewhere) Next, the internal organs were removed through an incision, usually made in the left-hand side of the abdomen. But the heart, believed to be the center of wisdom, was deliberately left in place. Spells 27, 28, and 29 in the collection of mortuary texts known now as the Book of the Dead state the importance of keeping this organ connected to the body. Discovered on the coastal area of the Atacama desert in northern Chile and southern Peru, the world's oldest mummies were created by small fishing communities known as the Chinchorro. Although regarded as primitive in the absence of farming, pottery, textiles and literacy, their complex mummification techniques actually reveal a highly sophisticated culture. The Discovery channel covers the expedition which led to the excavation of the Chachapoyas mummies. BEESWAX Wax has sometimes been found sealing the mouth, nasal passages, and other cavities in mummies from the New Kingdom and the Late Period. Bees were valued for their magical properties.

Today, Woodruff believes that “what you have to do as a writer is to feel, look, and listen. Your stories then become a celebration of those observations. And, most important, a writer needs to fall in love. I’m constantly falling in love—with colors, with flowers, with wings, with bubbles, with mud, with goofy baby smiles. . . . When you’re writing under the influence of love, there’s a power that will weave your words into magic.” Enter ancient worlds, meet famous people and discover fascinating facts by exploring a wide selection of historical games and activities. There is a slightly more complicated on-line mummification process for kids from the BBC that requires a bit more reading, which older children may enjoy. Mummies also date from the Inca period, when the habit of offering human sacrifices on mountain tops also produced 'Ice Mummies' through the natural process of freeze-drying. In recent times over 100 such mummies have been found high in the Andes, surrounded by gold and silver figurines and offerings designed to accompany them to the gods. Take the piece of string and wrap it around the middle of the hot dog to measure the distance around the middle. You are measuring the circumference of the hot dog. Make a mark on the string where the end of the string meets up with itself. Lay the string along the ruler to measure the distance from the end of the string to the mark (in centimeters). This is the circumference of your hot dog. Write the value down in the data table in your lab notebook.It is difficult to know exactly why such pre-literate societies practised mummification, but it must surely reflect a desire to keep their dead with them since the mummies do not seem to have been buried immediately. In some cases the faces have been repainted several times and damage to the area of the feet suggests they stood upright, perhaps as objects of veneration.

Andreas Pommert: Dreidimensionale Darstellung altägyptischer Mumien aus computertomographischen Bildfolgen [Three-dimensional display of ancient Egyptian mummies from computer tomographic image sequences]. In Rosemarie Drenkhahn, Renate Germer (ed.): Mumie und Computer—Ein multidisziplinäres Forschungsprojekt in Hannover, Kestner-Museum, Hannover, 1991, 19-20 (ISBN 978-3-924029-17-3). Mummification was a complex and expensive procedure, in part because it required so many products. Although Egyptologists have not been able to identify all of these with complete certainty, here are the top eight essential ingredients to making the perfect mummy. In popular fiction mummies were reduced to little more than bandaged corpses with arms outstretched as they staggered towards some hapless victim. In Bram Stoker's 'Jewel of the Seven Stars', his reanimated Egyptian princess established an enduring image of the villainous mummy endlessly repeated by Hollywood, from Boris Karloff's 1932 film 'The Mummy' ('It comes to Life!') to the current big-budget re-makes of recent years..Battlefield Academy: Refight Trafalgar! - Match Nelson's greatest victory with this Special Edition of the Academy

SMART Board, Projector, SMART Notebook Presentation, Video Clip: Egyptian Mummies (Attached to SMART Notebook file), Mummy Sequencing Activity Worksheet, Mummy Sequencing Activity Example, Rubric, Sentence Strips The story is cute, it is about a ten year old boy named Andy, whose mother died when he was a baby and whose father has remarried. His new step mother comes with a new step brother, also a ten year old boy, but one who is good at doing everything he sets his mind to, unlike Andy. Andy is average, not gifted like his step brother, Jason. He feels left out and lonely and he misses his mom.

Hands on History: Ancient Britain

RESIN The importance of resin was mentioned in the Admonitions of Ipuwer, a text from the Old Kingdom: “None shall sail northward to Byblos today; what shall we do for cedar trees for our mummies?” Calcite ointment jar engraved with the name King Pepi I. 6th dynasty. Egyptian Museum, Berlin Photograph by Oronoz/Album Naturally, the unwrapping by computer is no longer the mysterious and thrilling experience that a real unwrapping used to be. But according to modern opinion, such a procedure, which disregards the dignity of the deceased, would no longer be acceptable anyway. This problem does not arise with the virtual mummy.

Present-day scientists, also known as Egyptologists, are interested in studying mummies because they provide a wealth of knowledge about the time in which they were made. By studying the remains, scientists can find out the health of the mummified person, life expectancies, and the kinds of diseases that plagued ancient Egypt. Small figures called shabtis were buried to magically provide for the deceased and help them pass into the afterlife. Seal the box with the lid and put the box in an indoor shady location, away from heating and cooling vents, where it will not be disturbed. Note the date that you started the process in your lab notebook. Do not disturb it for one week - no peeking!

Hands On History: Ancient Britain

There is also a great fantasy element to the book, with Andy channeling the spirit of the mummy. This part is a bit spooky and mysterious and adds a fun tension to the book. I love the imagination the author uses here and how it is used to ultimately resolve the story.