a b Niedzwiedzki DM, Blankenship RE (December 2010). "Singlet and triplet excited state properties of natural chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls". Photosynthesis Research. 106 (3): 227–38. doi: 10.1007/s11120-010-9598-9. PMID 21086044. S2CID 28352285. Moore, C. M., Pendse, D., and Emberton, M. Photodynamic therapy for prostate cancer--a review of current status and future promise. Nat.Clin.Pract.Urol. 2009;6(1):18-30. View abstract. Chlorophyll supplements are actually chlorophyllin, which contains copper instead of magnesium. When doses of chlorophyllin are taken, the copper can be detected in plasma, which implies absorption has occurred. Gawel, E. Chemical composition of lucerne leaf extract (EFL) and its applications as a phytobiotic in human nutrition. Acta Sci.Pol.Technol.Aliment. 2012;11(3):303-310. View abstract. Jubert C, et al. (2009). Effects of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin on low-dose aflatoxin B1 pharmacokinetics in human volunteers. DOI:

Larkum AW, Douglas S, Raven JA, eds. (2003). Photosynthesis in algae. London: Kluwer. ISBN 978-0-7923-6333-0. Fleming I (14 October 1967). "Absolute Configuration and the Structure of Chlorophyll". Nature. 216 (5111): 151–152. Bibcode: 1967Natur.216..151F. doi: 10.1038/216151a0. S2CID 4262313. In Angiosperm plants, the later steps in the biosynthetic pathway are light-dependent. Such plants are pale ( etiolated) if grown in darkness. Non-vascular plants and green algae have an additional light-independent enzyme and grow green even in darkness. [35] Nagayama, J., Takasuga, T., Tsuji, H., and Iwasaki, T. Promotive excretion of causative agents of Yusho by one year intake of FBRA in Japanese people. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 2005;96(5):241-248. View abstract. Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. [4] Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. [1] Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b. [5] History [ edit ]

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Das, J., Samadder, A., Mondal, J., Abraham, S. K., & Khuda-Bukhsh, A. R. (2016, September). Nano-encapsulated chlorophyllin significantly delays progression of lung cancer both in in vitro and in vivo models through activation of mitochondrial signaling cascades and drug-DNA interaction [Abstract]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 46, 147-157 Always talk to your doctor before you take chlorophyll or any herbs or supplements. They can cause unintended side effects, especially if you’re already taking medication or have existing health concerns. Natural chlorophyll

Chlorophyll a is essential for most photosynthetic organisms to release chemical energy but is not the only pigment that can be used for photosynthesis. All oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use chlorophyll a, but differ in accessory pigments like chlorophyll b. [5] Chlorophyll a can also be found in very small quantities in the green sulfur bacteria, an anaerobic photoautotroph. [7] These organisms use bacteriochlorophyll and some chlorophyll a but do not produce oxygen. [7] Anoxygenic photosynthesis is the term applied to this process, unlike oxygenic photosynthesis where oxygen is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis. a b Motilva MJ (2008). "Chlorophylls– from functionality in food to health relevance". 5th Pigments in Food congress- for quality and health (Print). University of Helsinki. ISBN 978-952-10-4846-3. Chlorophyll synthase [17] is the enzyme that completes the biosynthesis of chlorophyll a [18] [19] by catalysing the reaction EC 2.5.1.62 chlorophyllide a + phytyl diphosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } chlorophyll a + diphosphate Nagini, S., Palitti, F., & Natarajan, A. T. (2015, February 4). Chemopreventive potential of chlorophyllin: A review of the mechanisms of action and molecular targets [Abstract]. Nutrition and Cancer, 67(2), 203–211More recently, a 2008 review suggested that a medication containing chlorophyllin promotes wound-healing and reduces odors. Some doctors prescribe this medication today. Cancer treatment When you ingest chlorophyll, it moves around your body in micelles, which are molecular groups that contain fat. Even though research hasn’t been able to prove what minimum amount of fat is needed to metabolize chlorophyll, it’s thought that small amounts of healthy fats can help the body process it during meals.

Tsai, Y. C., Wu, W. B., and Chen, B. H. Preparation of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino and their antiproliferation effect on hepatoma cell. J.Med.Food 2010;13(6):1431-1442. View abstract. Wang, X., Zhang, W., Xu, Z., Luo, Y., Mitchell, D., and Moss, R. W. Sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy in advanced breast carcinoma: a report of 3 cases. Integr.Cancer Ther. 2009;8(3):283-287. View abstract. a b c Anatolievich KR. "Chlorophyll a". chemister.ru. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29 . Retrieved 2014-08-23.

In some plants, chlorophyll is derived from glutamate and is synthesised along a branched biosynthetic pathway that is shared with heme and siroheme. [28] [29] [30] Chlorophyll synthase [31] is the enzyme that completes the biosynthesis of chlorophyll a: [32] [33] chlorophyllide a + phytyl diphosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } chlorophyll a + diphosphate Sigler ML, et al. (2015). Assessment of the safety and efficacy of topical copper chlorophyllin in women with photodamaged facial skin. Muneer S, Kim EJ, Park JS, Lee JH (March 2014). "Influence of green, red and blue light emitting diodes on multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic activity under different light intensities in lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L.)". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15 (3): 4657–70. doi: 10.3390/ijms15034657. PMC 3975419. PMID 24642884. People have used chlorophyll as a health supplement for many years. A variety of medical studies have suggested that it may be helpful for skin conditions, body odors, and fighting certain kinds of cancer. This is in line with an old study from China where chlorophyllin consumption at each meal led to a 55 percent decrease in aflatoxin biomarkers compared to placebo.

You can get chlorophyll from either plants or supplements, although supplements may be more effective. This is because chlorophyll may not survive digestion long enough for absorption. Accordingly, a clinical trial in China will look at the effects of chlorophyllin on liver cancer over 20 years, per the International Business Times. Meskauskiene R, Nater M, Goslings D, Kessler F, op den Camp R, Apel K (October 2001). "FLU: a negative regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (22): 12826–31. Bibcode: 2001PNAS...9812826M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.221252798. JSTOR 3056990. PMC 60138. PMID 11606728. Marwaha RK, et al. (2004). Wheat grass juice reduces transfusion requirement in patients with thalassemia major: A pilot study.Chlorophyll supplements aren’t regulated, and their doses vary. Consult with your doctor to decide whether you need them and what dosage is right for you.