health care personnel'/exp OR 'health care personnel' OR 'health care worker'/exp OR 'health care worker' OR 'health care workers' OR 'health care facilities and services'/exp OR 'medical profession'/exp OR 'nursing as a profession'/exp OR ('virus transmission'/exp AND 'patient'/exp AND professional) Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.

BD ® Blunt Fill Needle (SKU: 305181) and BD ® Blunt Fill Needle with 5-Micron filter (SKU: 305211) are CE marked and are CE certified with NSAI (0050). Outcome 1. Number of perforations in gloves. 2. Force needed to use the needle 3. Ease of use of the needle. Gloves were filled with water and perforations were noted as jets of water The best way to keep a blunt needle sterile is to avoid touching the needle itself. This prevents cross-contamination between your fingers/gloves and the solution you’ll be extracting using the needle. Always grip the needle by the plastic base and never touch the metal tubing. 2. Take Note Of the Syringe Tip In five studies ( Ablett 1998; Hartley 1996; Rice 1996; Wilson 2008; Wright 1993) one surgeon per operation participated in the study, in three studies there was a surgeon and an assistant ( Meyer 1996; Nordkam 2005; Sullivan 2009), in one study there was a surgeon and two assistants ( Mingoli 1996), and in one study it was unclear how many participated ( Thomas 1995). In some studies the number of participants was partly inferred from the number of gloves used. The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).UK. Surgeons performing caesarean sections, closing the uterine wound. Number studied: 80 procedures. Sizes of intervention or control group not reported but assumed to be 40 and 40 surgeon‐operations. Glove change not reported. High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.

Outcome: percentage of perforated gloves. Detection method not reported but we assumed that this was the combined air and water method developed by one of the authors. For studies with multiple study arms that belonged to the same comparison, we intended to divide the number of events and participants equally over the study arms to prevent double counting of study participants in the meta‐analysis, but no such studies were found. Our range of SE needles for primary corneal–scleral closure are made from Surgalloy™ for enhanced strength and ductility, to prevent bending and breakage. In addition, our ophthalmic needles are coated in NuCoat™ technology, which significantly enhances initial and multi-pass penetration, to provide smother passage, less tissue drag and less tissue damage.Netherlands. Surgeons and assistants performing laparotomies, abdominal closure: fascia. Number studied: 200 procedures, 400 operators and 406 pairs of gloves. Intervention group n = 200 surgeon‐operations. Control group n = 100 surgeon‐operations. Gloves changed before skin closure.

Ireland. Surgeons performing deep wound closure in primary total hip replacement surgery: fascia, fat and muscle not skin. Number studied: 68 operations. Intervention group n = 34 surgeon‐operations (number of gloves not reported). Control group n = 34 surgeon operations (128 gloves). Fresh outer gloves put on before wound closure and changed again before skin closure.

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Use a blunt filter needle with any medication in a glass ampule or medications mixed from powdered form. How to withdraw medication with a blunt fill needle Supplies needed All studies used blunt or tapered needles as the intervention and compared them to sharp or conventional suture needles. SS-24 needles: 56% stronger than Ethicon’s S-24 needle, and require equivalent penetration force 7,8 UK. HCWs performing suturing of perineal tears and episiotomies including perineal skin. Intervention group n = 104 surgeon‐operations. Control group n = 91 surgeon operations. Number observed: 195 pairs of gloves. Germany. Attending surgeon and assistant during abdominal closure: fascia and muscle. Number studied 100 operations (400 gloves). Intervention group n = 98 surgeon‐operations (196 gloves) Control group n = 102 surgeon‐operations (204 gloves) Gloves changed before closure.

The strategy was used to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) ( The Cochrane Library) and the Occupational Safety and Health Review Group Specialised Register, NHSEED, Science Citation Index Expanded, CINAHL, Nioshtic, CISdoc, LILACS and PsycINFO (up until September 2010). TS=("health care worker" OR "health care workers" OR "health occupations" OR "health personnel" OR physician* OR nurse* OR hospital* OR clinic OR clinics) taper* OR blunt* OR protective) AND Needle* AND ("Randomized Controlled Trial"[pt] OR "Controlled Clinical Trial"[pt] OR "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic"[mh] OR "Random Allocation"[mh] OR "Double‐Blind Method"[mh] OR "Single‐Blind Method"[mh] OR "Clinical Trial"[pt] OR "Clinical Trials as Topic"[mh] OR "clinical trial"[tw] OR ((singl*[tw] OR doubl*[tw] OR trebl*[tw] OR tripl*[tw]) AND (mask*[tw] OR blind*[tw])) OR "latin square"[tw] OR Placebos[mh] OR placebo*[tw] OR random*[tw] OR "Research Design"[mh:noexp] OR "Comparative Study"[pt] OR "Evaluation Studies as Topic"[mh] OR "Follow‐up Studies"[mh] OR "Prospective Studies"[mh] OR "Cross‐over Studies"[mh] OR control[tw] OR controls*[tw] OR controla*[tw] OR controle*[tw] OR controli*[tw] OR controll*[tw] OR control'*[tw] OR prospectiv*[tw] OR volunteer*[tw]) NOT (Animals[mh] NOT Humans[mh) N=68 references Blunt fill needles are used to draw medications out of a sealed container. Blunt filter needles have an extra filter, which filters out solid particles from the liquid. MH "Health Occupations") OR health occupations or (MH "Health Personnel+") or (MH "Health Facilities+") OR health facilities or TX "health care worker" or TX "health care workers" or (MH "Personnel, Health Facility+") or (MH "Occupational Health Services+") or (MH "Occupational Hazards+") or (MH "Occupational Exposure") or TX "health care personnel" or (MH "Health Personnel+") or (MH "HIV Infections+")

The studies were located in the UK ( Ablett 1998; Hartley 1996; Thomas 1995; Wright 1993), the US ( Sullivan 2009; Wilson 2008), Ireland ( Rice 1996), the Netherlands ( Nordkam 2005 ), Italy ( Mingoli 1996) and Germany ( Meyer 1996). Blunt needles are almost identical to sharp-tip needles, with the key difference of having an unbevelled (or pointed) tip. There are two kinds of blunt needles: