a b UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth . Retrieved 11 June 2022. Debelle, Penelope (11 February 2013). "Elation for Adelaide adventurer Tim Jarvis as epic Antarctic trek ends". News.com.au . Retrieved 21 September 2017. Foster, Jonathan. "Experiments with early wireless". The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews. Archived from the original on 22 January 2016 . Retrieved 9 January 2016. And old Norwegian whaler recorded the scene when the three men stood before the station manager Thoralf Sørlle:

Preston, Diana (1997). A First Rate Tragedy: Captain Scott's Antarctic Expeditions. London: Constable & Co. ISBN 0-09-479530-4. Main article: Voyage of the James Caird Launching the James Caird from the shore of Elephant Island, 24 April 1916 Wheeler, Sara (2001). Cherry: A life of Apsley Cherry-Garrard. 2001: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-224-05004-4. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location ( link) Koehn, Nancy (2017). Forged in Crisis: The Making of Five Courageous Leaders. New York: Scribner. p.75. ISBN 978-1-5011-7444-5.

World War One Centenary

Third man factor, refers to the reported situations where an unseen presence such as a "spirit" provided comfort or support during traumatic experiences.

Riffenburgh, Beau, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Vol.1. New York: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-0-415-97024-2. The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott, a Royal Navy torpedo lieutenant lately promoted commander, [18] and had objectives that included scientific and geographical discovery. [19]Endurance departed from South Georgia for the Weddell Sea on 5 December, heading for Vahsel Bay. As the ship moved southward navigating in ice, first-year ice was encountered, which slowed progress. Deep in the Weddell Sea, conditions gradually grew worse until, on 19 January 1915, Endurance became frozen fast in an ice floe. [88] All year, the ship had been trapped, ice pushing and pinching the hull, the wood howling in protest. Finally, on October 27, 1915, a new wave of pressure rippled across the ice, lifting the ship’s stern and tearing off its rudder and its keel. Freezing water began to rush in. Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–1917 Toggle Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–1917 subsection Koehn, Nancy (2017). Forged in Crisis: The Power of Courageous Leadership in Turbulent Times. New York: Scribner. p.38. ISBN 978-1501174445.

In 1902 he joined Captain Scott . Together they got closer to the South Pole than anyone had been before. Wilson, Edward A. (1975). Diary of the Discovery Expedition. London: Blandford Press. ISBN 0-7137-0431-4. Explorers' century-old whisky found in Antarctic". USA Today. 5 February 2010 . Retrieved 14 October 2011. They had been within a day’s sailing of their landing place; now the drift of the ice was slowly pushing them farther away with each passing day. There was nothing else to do but to establish a routine and wait out the winter. A few weeks later, on 21 November 1915, almost a year after they had set out, the Endurance finally sank. Using basic navigational tools, Frank Worsley, the ship’s captain and navigator, recorded its location. Without that information, it would almost certainly never have been found.In the time that passed between abandoning Endurance and watching the ice swallow it up completely, the crew salvaged as many provisions as they could, while sacrificing anything and everything that added weight or would consume valuable resources— including bibles, books, clothing, tools and keepsakes. Some of the younger dogs, too small to pull their weight, were shot, as was, to the chagrin of many, the unfortunate Mrs. Chippy. None of these enterprises prospered, and his main source of income was his earnings from lecture tours. He still harboured thoughts of returning south, even though in September 1910, having recently moved with his family to Sheringham in Norfolk, he wrote to Emily: "I am never again going South and I have thought it all out and my place is at home now". [70] He had been in discussions with Douglas Mawson about a scientific expedition to the Antarctic coast between Cape Adare and Gaussberg, and had written to the RGS about this in February 1910. [e] [74]

There was a (male) cat named Mrs Chippy that belonged to the carpenter Harry McNish. Mrs Chippy was shot when the Endurance sank, due to the belief that he would not have survived the ordeal that followed. [86] [87] Loss of EnduranceA 2022 image of the Endurance's stern reveals its name above a five-pointed star. The wooden ship was in the icy waters of the Weddell Sea.