The stylish wide-leg trousers look fantastic on Kate. She often pairs them with navy heels and a long coat. Harmful misinformation takes many forms, but the manipulative tactics and narratives are often repeated and can therefore be predicted,” said Beth Goldberg, co-author and Head of Research and Development for Google’s Jigsaw unit. The inoculation effect was consistent across liberals and conservatives. It worked for people with different levels of education, and different personality types.”

Six initial controlled experiments featured 6,464 participants, with the sixth experiment conducted a year after the first five to ensure earlier findings could be replicated.

Google say the unprecedented nature of the experiment means there is no direct data comparison available. However, increases in brand awareness from advertising on YouTube – known as “brand lift”– are typically limited to 1% in surveys of under 45,000 users.

Local communities are a vital tool in helping archaeologists identify, understand and protect Cambridgeshire's rich archaeological heritage. Jigsaw started as a five-year Heritage Lottery Funded project (2011-2016) by Oxford Archaeology East and Cambridgeshire County Council to assist local history and archaeological societies in historical research, excavation, artefact identification, recording, and much more. For more information, please see our leaflet. Researchers behind the Inoculation Science project compare it to a vaccine: by giving people a “micro-dose” of misinformation in advance, it helps prevent them falling for it in future – an idea based on what social psychologist’s call “ inoculation theory”. This “prebunking” strategy pre-emptively exposes people to tropes at the root of malicious propaganda, so they can better identify online falsehoods regardless of subject matter.The researchers also gave a “control” group of users who had not viewed a video the same test question. In total, 22,632 users answered a question.

The beauty of these pants is that they work across all kind of occasions and moods … when styled, they look remarkably modern and cool.Despite the intense “noise” and distractions on YouTube, ability to recognise manipulation techniques at the heart of misinformation increased by 5% on average. We’ve shown that video ads as a delivery method of prebunking messages can be used to reach millions of people, potentially before harmful narratives take hold,” Goldberg said.

While for the incoherence video, ‘ inoculated’ participants were over twice as good (2.14) as the control group at identifying this manipulation technique. Our interventions make no claims about what is true or a fact, which is often disputed. They are effective for anyone who does not appreciate being manipulated,” he said. Google – YouTube’s parent company – is already harnessing the findings. At the end of August, Jigsaw will roll out a prebunking campaign across several platforms in Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic to get ahead of emerging disinformation relating to Ukrainian refugees. The trousers appear to have a slightly flared shape (or perhaps, they just look a little flared as Kate walks in them).For example, with the false dichotomies video, ‘ inoculated’ participants were 1.95 – so almost twice – as good as the control group at identifying this manipulation technique. Short animations giving viewers a taste of the tactics behind misinformation can help to “ inoculate” people against harmful content on social media when deployed in YouTube’s advert slot, according to a major online experiment led by the University of Cambridge. Kate clearly keeps abreast of trends. Puddle pants have soared in popularity over the last 2-to-3 years. Two of the animations were then tested “in the wild” as part of a vast experiment on YouTube, with clips positioned in the pre-video advert slot that provides an option to skip after five seconds.