DR Congo announces new govt 7 months after president inaugurated". Journal du Cameroun (in French). 26 August 2019. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020 . Retrieved 26 August 2019. Anderson, David (2000). Africa's Urban Past. James Currey Publishers. ISBN 978-0-85255-761-7. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019 . Retrieved 26 August 2017.

Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en oeuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité (MPSMRM); Ministère de la Santé Publique (MSP); ICF International. Enquête Démographique et de Santé en République Démocratique du Congo 2013–2014 (PDF). pp.41–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 December 2016 . Retrieved 16 May 2015. World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division . Retrieved 17 July 2022. DRC: Malaria still biggest killer". IRIN. 28 April 2008. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014 . Retrieved 10 March 2015. The government– not the President– is responsible to the Parliament. The new constitution also granted new powers to the provincial governments, creating provincial parliaments which have oversight of the Governor and the head of the provincial government, whom they elect. The new constitution also saw the disappearance of the Supreme Court, which was divided into three new institutions. The constitutional interpretation prerogative of the Supreme Court is now held by the Constitutional Court. [129]

Terrorism

Shortly after independence the Force Publique mutinied, and on 11 July the province of Katanga (led by Moïse Tshombe) and South Kasai engaged in secessionist struggles against the new leadership. [46] [47] Most of the 100,000 Europeans who had remained behind after independence fled the country, [48] opening the way for Congolese to replace the European military and administrative elite. [49] After the United Nations rejected Lumumba's call for help to put down the secessionist movements, Lumumba asked for assistance from the Soviet Union, who accepted and sent military supplies and advisers. On 23 August, the Congolese armed forces invaded South Kasai. Lumumba was dismissed from office on 5 September 1960 by Kasa-Vubu who publicly blamed him for massacres by the armed forces in South Kasai and for involving Soviets in the country. [50] Lumumba declared Kasa-Vubu's action unconstitutional, and a crisis between the two leaders developed. [51]

Harris, Dan (21 May 2009). "Children in Congo forced into exorcisms". world news. USA today. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012 . Retrieved 24 April 2011. Human Rights Watch said in 2017 that Kabila recruited former March 23 Movement fighters to put down country-wide protests over his refusal to step down from office at the end of his term. "M23 fighters patrolled the streets of Congo's main cities, firing on or arresting protesters or anyone else deemed to be a threat to the president," they said. [96] Foreword by UNDP Administrator", Arab Human Development Report 2022, Arab Human Development Report, United Nations, pp.ii–iii, 29 June 2022, doi: 10.18356/9789210019293c001, ISBN 978-92-1-001929-3 , retrieved 16 January 2023 DR Congo: Rebels Were Recruited to Crush Protests". Hrw.org. 4 December 2017. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018 . Retrieved 23 June 2018.Vigilant, Linda (2004). "Chimpanzees". Current Biology. 14 (10): R369–R371. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.05.006. PMID 15186757. The hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) include the General Hospital of Kinshasa. The DRC has the world's second-highest rate of infant mortality (after Chad). In April 2011, through aid from Global Alliance for Vaccines, a new vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease was introduced around Kinshasa. [225] In 2012, it was estimated that about 1.1% of adults aged 15–49 were living with HIV/AIDS. [226] Malaria [227] [228] and yellow fever are problems. [229] In May 2019, the death toll from the Ebola outbreak in DRC surpassed 1,000. [230] There are about 35million Catholics in the country [2] with six archdioceses and 41 dioceses. [211] The impact of the Catholic Church is difficult to overestimate. Schatzberg has called it the country's "only truly national institution apart from the state." [212] Its schools have educated over 60% of the nation's primary school students and more than 40% of its secondary students. The church owns and manages an extensive network of hospitals, schools, and clinics, as well as many diocesan economic enterprises, including farms, ranches, stores, and artisans' shops. [ citation needed] Environment, U. N. (31 August 2021). "Regulating Air Quality: the First Global Assessment of Air Pollution Legislation". UNEP - UN Environment Programme . Retrieved 1 September 2022. A relative of Mobutu explained how the government illicitly collected revenue during his rule: "Mobutu would ask one of us to go to the bank and take out a million. We'd go to an intermediary and tell him to get five million. He would go to the bank with Mobutu's authority and take out ten. Mobutu got one, and we took the other nine." [139] Mobutu institutionalized corruption to prevent political rivals from challenging his control, leading to an economic collapse in 1996. [140]

a b "Democratic Republic of Congo in Crisis | Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 13 May 2021 . Retrieved 18 May 2021. Office of the United States Trade Representative (2003). United States House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means (ed.). Comprehensive Report on U.S. Trade and Investment Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa. Message from the President of the United States. United States Government Printing Office. p.87. ISBN 978-1-4289-5014-6. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018 . Retrieved 14 October 2015. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC) will become eligible for AGOA trade benefits upon formation of a transitional government. Annual Pan-European Conference Strategic Decisions 2013". Bernstein Research. Sanford C. Bernstein Ltd. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018 . Retrieved 21 November 2018.

Themes

Well into its third decade, the military conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been dubbed a “forever war”—a perpetual cycle of war, civil unrest, and local feuds over power and identity. Millions have died in one of the worst humanitarian calamities of our time. The War That Doesn’t Say Its Name investigates the most recent phase of this conflict, asking why the peace deal of 2003—accompanied by the largest United Nations peacekeeping mission in the world and tens of billions in international aid—has failed to stop the violence. Jason Stearns argues that the fighting has become an end in itself, carried forward in substantial part through the apathy and complicity of local and international actors. Human Rights Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo". U.S. Department of State - Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020 . Retrieved 24 April 2011.