Cuvier, F. (1825). "Panda". In Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E.; Cuvier, F. (eds.). Histoire naturelle des mammifères, avec des figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d'après des animaux vivans: publié sous l'autorité de l'administration du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle (in French). Vol.5. Paris: A. Belin. p.LII 1–3. Triplett, J. K. & Clark, L. G. (2010). "Phylogeny of the temperate bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) with an emphasis on Arundinaria and allies". Systematic Botany. 35 (1): 102–120. doi: 10.1600/036364410790862678. S2CID 85588401. Tanaka, A. & Ogura, T. (2018). "Current husbandry situation of Red Pandas in Japan". Zoo Biology. 37 (2): 107–114. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21407. PMID 29512188.

Lama, S. T.; Lama, R. P.; Regmi, G. R. & Ghimire, T. R. (2015). "Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in free-ranging Red Panda Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae) in Nepal". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 7 (8): 7460–7464. doi: 10.11609/JoTT.o4208.7460-4. Acharya, K. P.; Shrestha, S.; Paudel, P. K.; Sherpa, A. P.; Jnawali, S. R.; Acharya, S. & Bista, D. (2018). "Pervasive human disturbance on habitats of endangered Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in the central Himalaya". Global Ecology and Conservation. 15: e00420. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00420. S2CID 92988737. A seven-year-old female named Jin Yi died in 2014 in a zoo in Zhengzhou, China, after showing symptoms of gastroenteritis and respiratory disease. It was found that the cause of death was toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan known as Toxoplasma gondii that infects most warm-blooded animals, including humans. [54] Genomics

The Braincell Is Multiplying!

Kappelhof, J. & Weerman, J. (2020). "The development of the Red panda Ailurus fulgens EEP: from a failing captive population to a stable population that provides effective support to in situ conservation". International Zoo Yearbook. 54 (1): 102–112. doi: 10.1111/izy.12278.

For many decades, the precise taxonomic classification of the giant panda was under debate because it shares characteristics with both bears and raccoons. [17] However in 1985, molecular studies indicate the giant panda is a true bear, part of the family Ursidae. [18] [19] These studies show it diverged about 19million years ago from the common ancestor of the Ursidae; [20] it is the most basal member of this family and equidistant from all other extant bear species. [21] [20] The giant panda has been referred to as a living fossil. [22] Etymology Panda cubs O'Brien, S.J.; Nash, W.G.; Wildt, D.E.; Bush, M.E. & Benveniste, R.E. (1985). "A molecular solution to the riddle of the giant panda's phylogeny". Nature. 317 (6033): 140–144. Bibcode: 1985Natur.317..140O. doi: 10.1038/317140a0. PMID 4033795. S2CID 4352629.The average giant panda eats as much as 9 to 14kg (20 to 31lb) of bamboo shoots a day to compensate for the limited energy content of its diet. Ingestion of such a large quantity of material is possible and necessary because of the rapid passage of large amounts of indigestible plant material through the short, straight digestive tract. [62] [63] It is also noted, however, that such rapid passage of digesta limits the potential of microbial digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, [62] limiting alternative forms of digestion. Given this voluminous diet, the giant panda defecates up to 40 times a day. [64] The limited energy input imposed on it by its diet has affected the panda's behavior. The giant panda tends to limit its social interactions and avoids steeply sloping terrain to limit its energy expenditures. [65] Kong, F.; Zhao, J.; Han, S.; Zeng, B.; Yang, J.; Si, X.; Yang, B.; Yang, M.; Xu, H. & Li, Y. (2014). "Characterization of the gut microbiota in the red panda ( Ailurus fulgens)". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e87885. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...987885K. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087885. PMC 3912123. PMID 24498390. a b Thomas, O. (1902). "On the Panda of Sze-chuen". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7. X (57): 251–252. doi: 10.1080/00222930208678667. Pandas eat any of 25 bamboo species in the wild, such as Fargesia dracocephala [71] and Fargesia rufa. [72] Only a few bamboo species are widespread at the high altitudes pandas now inhabit. Bamboo leaves contain the highest protein levels; stems have less. [73] In July 2021, Chinese conservation authorities announced that giant pandas are no longer endangered in the wild following years of conservation efforts, with a population in the wild exceeding 1,800. [148] [149] China has received international praise for its conservation of the species, which has also helped the country establish itself as a leader in endangered species conservation. [150] :8 Biofuel

Lewis, M. (2011). "Birth and mother rearing of Nepalese red pandas Ailurus fulgens fulgens at the Taronga Conservation Society Australia". International Zoo Yearbook. 45 (1): 250–258. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.2011.00135.x. Giant pandas give birth to twins in about half of pregnancies. [102] If twins are born, usually only one survives in the wild. The mother will select the stronger of the cubs, and the weaker cub will die due to starvation. The mother is thought to be unable to produce enough milk for two cubs since she does not store fat. [103] The father has no part in helping raise the cub.

Dalui, S.; Singh, S. K.; Joshi, B. D.; Ghosh, A.; Basu, S.; Khatri, H.; Sharma, L. K.; Chandra, K. & Thakur, M. (2021). "Geological and Pleistocene glaciations explain the demography and disjunct distribution of Red Panda ( A. fulgens) in eastern Himalayas". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 65. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80586-6. PMC 7794540. PMID 33420314. Turner, R. L. (1931). "पञ्जा pañjā". A Comparative and Etymological Dictionary of the Nepali Language. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner. p.359. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022 . Retrieved 27 January 2022.