EU - Inventory of Cosmetic Ingredients Directive (INCI) (76/768/EEC) - Perfume and Aromatic Materials

Still, you might be surprised to learn that when it comes to this useful antioxidant, there’s more than one version out there.

How to build a skin regimen

EU - Ecolabel (2021/1870) - Cosmetic Products - (EC) 1272/2008 CMR Classified Substances - Criterion 4(a)(ii) Derogations Elias PM, Choi EH. Interactions among stratum corneum defensive functions. Exp Dermatol. 2005;14:719–26.

EFFA - Code of Practice 2012 - Attachment V - Hazardous Substances in Natural Complex Substances - UN GHS Classification Singapore - Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations - Part IV - Label WarningsNike - Restricted Substances - Nike-Specific Chemical and Material Restrictions - Laboratory Reporting Limit Vitamin C is an unstable molecule, undergoes rapid oxidation, and almost half of it gets degraded within 30 minutes which is why earlier traditional formulas needed to have higher percentages​ EU - Biocides (2007/565/EC) - Substances and Product-Types Not to Be Included in Annexes I, IA and IB to Directive 98/8/EC UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) - Montreal Protocol Ozone Depletors - Annex F - Group I Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate may be the exception. Studies have shown it can irritate sensitive skin.

Another example could be Cleanse + Hyaluronic Acid + Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate + Natural Moisturizing Factors Hi, I'm Gio. I'm a no-nonsense, tell-it-like-it-is skin coach and writer on a mission to help you achieve your best skin day ever - every day. I bust skincare myths and debunk marketing jargon to help you figure out what's worth the splurge and what's best left on the shelf - using science, not hype. I also offer skincare consultations to help you create the best skincare routine for your unique needs. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) - Montreal Protocol Ozone Depletors - Annex B - Group ISkin serves a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by limiting passive water loss from the body and reducing the impact of chemical, physical, and microbial insults in its environment. These defensive functions are an inherent property of the SC [ 27, 28]. Thus, proper development and maintenance of the SC is paramount. By increasing FLG expression, a key molecule in SC formation [ 29], our results suggest that 3-in-1 NFS may help restore epidermal skin barrier integrity in photoaged skin. The clinically reduced TEWL following 3-in-1 NFS treatment is presumably a direct reflection of this. FLG also plays an important role in maintaining proper epidermal hydration levels following its proteolysis to produce natural moisturizing factors such as urocanic acid (UCA) and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid [ 30]. The upregulation of both FLG and AQP3, an aquaglyceroporin that transports water, urea, and glycerol into the cells of the epidermis [ 31], observed in vitro upon 3-in-1 NFS treatment may thus account for the clinically improved hydration levels. Inventory - European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

ASEAN - Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme - Annex IV - Colouring Agents - Other Limitations and Requirements Thailand - Cosmetics - Required Warning Statements on the Label of Preservative-Containing Cosmetics Danno K, Horio T. Sunburn cell: factors involved in its formation. Photochem Photobiol. 1987;45:683–90. EFFA - Code of Practice 2012 - Attachment IV - Natural Complex Substances with No Classification According to UN GHS Shoji M, Arakaki Y, Esumi T, et al. Bakuchiol is a phenolic isoprenoid with novel enantiomer-selective anti-influenza a virus activity involving Nrf2 activation. J Biol Chem. 2015;290:28001–17.

Prospector Lists

Here’s the deal: your skin has a lipid (oil) protective layer that keeps moisture in and germs out. If you’ve paid attention in your chemistry class, you know that water and oil don’t mix. That’s why anything water-based needs the helping hand of a good delivery system to penetrate your skin. Argentina - MERCOSUR Restricted Chemicals - Maximum Authorized Concentrations - Personal Hygiene and Cosmetics Products A hallmark event of UV exposure is the occurrence of SBCs within the epidermis [ 32, 33]. SBCs are keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis as a result of irreparable damage to their DNA [ 34]. The fact that 3-in-1 NFS significantly reduced their formation in the epidermis of UV-exposed skin explants suggests that it limits the damaging effects of UVR. Whether this protection is a direct consequence of the improved barrier function of 3-in-1 NFS-treated skin or an indirect consequence of higher antioxidant levels [ 35], modulation of apoptotic signaling pathways [ 36], or greater expression of UVB-absorbing UCA within the SC [ 23] remains to be established. What is clear, however, is that this photoprotective effect is a unique consequence of the combination of melatonin, bakuchiol, and ATIP, since none of these components individually had an effect on SBC formation. Antioxidant synergism between melatonin and vitamin C has previously been reported, with melatonin thought to reverse the pro-oxidant activity of vitamin C [ 37]; however further studies are warranted to better understand the synergistic photoprotection afforded by this combination of ingredients. Xiao L, Kentaro Kaneyasu, Yasukazu Saitoh, Terashima Y, Yasunori Kowata, Miwa N. Cytoprotective effects of the lipoidic-liquiform pro-vitamin C tetra-isopalmitoyl-ascorbate (VC-IP) against ultraviolet-A ray-induced injuries in human skin cells together with collagen retention, MMP inhibition and p53 gene repression. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2009;106(4):589-598. doi:10.1002/jcb.22032 Just to really, really confuse things even more, in January 2022 the ingredient supplier Sytheon released a statement saying that tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (which they sell as VitaSynol C) and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate were different substances, with different chemical catalogue (CAS) numbers. They clarified that the name THDA would match Structure C while ATIP would match Structure B.