a b Radwin, G. E.; D'Attilio, A. (1986). Murex shells of the world. An illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p.93. 284pp incl 192figs. & 32pls. Some [ who?] speculate that the dye extracted from the Bolinus brandaris is known as argaman ( ארגמן) in Biblical Hebrew. Another dye extracted from a related sea snail, Hexaplex trunculus, produced a blue colour after light exposure which could be the one known as tekhelet ( תְּכֵלֶת), used in garments worn for ritual purposes. [11] Production from sea snails [ edit ] Two shells of Bolinus brandaris, the spiny dye-murex, a source of the dye Definition of the Tyrian purple". World History Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016.

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Mathews GM, Iredale T (May 1912). " "Perry's Arcanda" – an overlooked work". The Victorian Naturalist. 29 (1): 7–16. ; see p. 11. Gould AA (1853). "Descriptions of shells from the Gulf of California and the Pacific coasts of Mexico and California". Boston Journal of Natural History. 6: 374–408. ; see pp. 406–407. Note: Gould called this species Purpura pansa; it was later renamed Plicopurpura pansa.In 1909, Harvard anthropologist Zelia Nuttall compiled an intensive comparative study on the historical production of the purple dye produced from the carnivorous murex snail, source of the royal purple dye valued higher than gold in the ancient Near East and ancient Mexico. Not only did the people of ancient Mexico use the same methods of production as the Phoenicians, they also valued murex-dyed cloth above all others, as it appeared in codices as the attire of nobility. "Nuttall noted that the Mexican murex-dyed cloth bore a "disagreeable … strong fishy smell, which appears to be as lasting as the color itself." [31] Likewise, the ancient Egyptian Papyrus of Anastasi laments: "The hands of the dyer reek like rotting fish..." [32] So pervasive was this stench that the Talmud specifically granted women the right to divorce any husband who became a dyer after marriage. [33] The Phoenicians established an ancillary production facility on the Iles Purpuraires at Mogador, in Morocco. [20] The sea snail harvested at this western Moroccan dye production facility was Hexaplex trunculus, also known by the older name Murex trunculus. [21] Ramig K, Lavinda O, Szalda DJ, Mironova I, Karimi S, Pozzi F, etal. (June 2015). "The nature of thermochromic effects in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6′-dibromoindigo, components of Tyrian purple". Dyes and Pigments. 117: 37–48. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.01.025. Our felt fabric is great for a range of uses. Made from 100% polyester, this product boasts many benefits. It is perfect for all types of craft projects, display boards, school projects, Christmas decorations and much more.

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Cunliffe, Barry (2008). Europe between the Oceans: 9000BC – AD1000. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.241. The lower one is the sRGB colour #990024, intended for viewing on an output device with a gamma of 2.2. It is a representation of RHS colour code 66A, [41] which has been equated to "Tyrian red", [42] a term which is often used as a synonym for Tyrian purple. Because of research by Benkendorff et al. (1999), the Tyrian purple precursor tyrindoleninone is being investigated as a potential antimicrobial agent with uses against multidrug-resistant bacteria. a b Moorey P (1999). Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. p.138. ISBN 1-57506-042-6. Author Profile". Imperial-Purple.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011 . Retrieved 13 July 2011.The Roman mythographer Julius Pollux, writing in the 2ndcenturyAD, asserted ( Onomasticon I, 45–49) that the purple dye was first discovered by the philosopher Heracles of Tyre, or rather, by his dog, whose mouth was stained purple from chewing on snails along the coast at Tyre. This story was depicted by Peter Paul Rubens in his painting Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye. According to John Malalas, the incident happened during the reign of the legendary King Phoenix of Tyre, the eponymous progenitor of the Phoenicians, and therefore he was the first ruler to wear Tyrian purple and legislate on its use. [26] a b c d St Clair K (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. pp.162–164. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129. The colour-fast (non-fading) dye was an item of luxury trade, prized by Romans, who used it to colour ceremonial robes. Used as a dye, the color shifts from blue (peak absorption at 590nm, which is yellow-orange) to reddish-purple (peak absorption at 520nm, which is green). [22] It is believed that the intensity of the purple hue improved rather than faded as the dyed cloth aged. Vitruvius mentions the production of Tyrian purple from shellfish. [23] In his History of Animals, Aristotle described the shellfish from which Tyrian purple was obtained and the process of extracting the tissue that produced the dye. [24] Pliny the Elder described the production of Tyrian purple in his Natural History: [25] [b] Biggam CP (March 2006). "Whelks and purple dye in Anglo-Saxon England" (PDF). The Archaeo+Malacology Group Newsletter. Glasgow, Scotland, UK: Department of English Language, University of Glasgow (9). RHS, UCL and RGB Colors, gamma=1.4, fan2". Azalea Society of America. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007 . Retrieved 15 July 2006. (this gives the RGB value #b80049, which has been converted to #990024 for the sRGB gamma of 2.2)