a b Fletcher, Harry (15 July 2015). " Thunderbirds Are Go Again – This Time With Puppets". Digital Spy. London, UK: Hearst UK. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019 . Retrieved 16 September 2019. In 1983, Gerry Anderson returned to puppetry with his independent science-fiction TV series Terrahawks. The characters of this series were made as three-foot-tall (0.91m) rubber hand puppets, operated from the studio floor in a process called "Supermacromation". [46] [114] This was similar to the techniques employed by American puppeteer Jim Henson. [50] CAPTAIN TROY TEMPEST, commander of Stingray, strikingly handsome, fearless, conscientious and everything a man should be. He has dark brown hair and the clearest of blue eyes. His voice is spoken by Don Mason.

Supermarionation (a portmanteau of the words "super", " marionette" and " animation") [1] is a style of television and film production employed by British company AP Films (later Century 21 Productions) in its puppet TV series and feature films of the 1960s. These productions were created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and filmed at APF's studios on the Slough Trading Estate. The characters were played by electronic marionettes with a moveable lower lip, which opened and closed in time with pre-recorded dialogue by means of a solenoid in the puppet's head or chest. The productions were mostly science fiction with the puppetry supervised by Christine Glanville, art direction by either Bob Bell or Keith Wilson, and music composed by Barry Gray. They also made extensive use of scale model special effects, directed by Derek Meddings. The term "Supermarionation" was first used during the production of Supercar, whose final 13 episodes were the first to be credited as being "filmed in Supermarionation". Some sources [ which?] consider its precursor, Four Feather Falls, to be the first Supermarionation series because it saw the introduction of the electronic lip-syncing mechanism that featured in all of APF's later puppet productions. APF's first TV series to use marionettes with fibreglass heads and electronic lip-sync mechanisms. [34] [35] [36] Regarded as the first Supermarionation series by some sources, [10] [37] [48] [91] [92] although the term was not used until the production of Supercar. [6] [7] [93] [94] Sangster, Jim; Condon, Paul (2005). Collins Telly Guide. London, UK: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-719099-7. a b c Evans, Jeff (2006) [2001]. The Penguin TV Companion. Penguin Reference (3rded.). London, UK: Penguin Books. pp.794–795. ISBN 978-0-141-02424-0.Upon release, Filmed in Supermarionation was generally well received by critics writing across a wide range of publications. [6] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film four stars, writing that, "There is something very romantic about this success story of British entrepreneurial creativity." [7] Rich Trenholm of CNET was similarly positive in stating, "the documentary's vibrant storytelling captures the vitality, innocence and sense of joy of the series themselves". [8] a b Archer, Simon; Hearn, Marcus (2002). What Made Thunderbirds Go! The Authorised Biography of Gerry Anderson. London, UK: BBC Books. p.69. ISBN 978-0-563-53481-5. DVD documentary on the making of Captain Scarlet. Linking sequences feature the puppet characters of Captains Scarlet and Blue. Produced by Gerry Anderson and credited as being "filmed in Supermarionation". [109] Trenholm, Richard (30 September 2014). "Delightful Thunderbirds Documentary Goes Behind the Strings". CNET. San Francisco, California: CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 18 December 2016 . Retrieved 16 September 2019.

Clements, Jonathan; Tamamuro, Motoko (2003). The Dorama Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese TV Drama Since 1953. Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 1-880656-81-7. Endeavour, Season 6: Supermarionation". pbs.org. WGBH Educational Foundation . Retrieved 18 May 2020.Century 21 Films also worked on "Apollo", a 2019 episode of Endeavour that is set partly in a TV studio which is making a puppet series called Moon Rangers. The episode features story-within-a-story marionette sequences that were written and filmed as a tribute to Supermarionation. [126] [127] Non-Anderson productions using similar techniques [ edit ] The Andersons' puppet work also included The Investigator (1973), a pilot for an unmade Supermarionation series. This featured both marionettes and live actors but did not include the term "Supermarionation" in the credits. [110] [111] Critical response [ edit ] Hirsch, David; Hutchison, David (September 1978). Zimmerman, Howard (ed.). "The Magical Techniques of Movie & TV SFX – Part XI: Supermarionation". Starlog. Vol.3, no.16. New York City, New York: O'Quinn Studios. pp.58–66. ISSN 0191-4626.