The spinous processes are comparatively short. They are broad ventrally and narrow dorsally in the lumbar region of the dog skeleton. Nießner, Christine; Denzau, Susanne; Malkemper, Erich Pascal; Gross, Julia Christina; Burda, Hynek; Winklhofer, Michael; Peichl, Leo (2016). "Cryptochrome 1 in Retinal Cone Photoreceptors Suggests a Novel Functional Role in Mammals". Scientific Reports. 6: 21848. Bibcode: 2016NatSR...621848N. doi: 10.1038/srep21848. PMC 4761878. PMID 26898837. Olecranon Fossa: Caudal depression that houses the olecranon during the extension of the elbow joint. Interestingly, one studied demonstrated that head shape and size correlated with specific behaviors:

Supraspinatus: originates on the supraspinous fossa and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It acts to extend and stabilize the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the suprascapular nerve. Gastrocnemius: originates on the supracondylar tuberosities of the femur and inserts on the tuber calcanei. It acts to extend the tarsus and flex the stifle. It is innervated by the tibial nerve. Internal obturator: originates on the pelvic symphysis and inserts on the trochanteric fossa of the femur. It acts to rotate the pelvic limb laterally. It is innervated by the sciatic nerve. Supratrochlear Foramen: The hole between the radial and olecranon fossae found in the dog (occasionally in the pig). It has no known function. The ischium bone of the dog forms the caudal third of the hip bone. This bone helps to form the acetabulum, obturator foramen, and pelvic symphysis.Lateral Supracondylar Tuberosity: Lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the superficial digital flexor muscle attaches here. There are thirteen thoracic vertebrae present in the vertebral dog column. The first nine thoracic vertebrae are almost similar in their structure, but the last four thoracic vertebrae possess some differences from each other. The dog humerus bone is comparatively more prolonged and less twisted (compared to the cow humerus) We then have the inner ear; this includes the cochlea and vestibular system (which supports balance). Female vs Male Dog Anatomy Male Dog Anatomy The head of the dog humerus is oval and located at the proximal extremity. You will also find some other structures like – intertubercular groove, greater tubercle, and lesser tubercle in the proximal extremity of the dog humerus.

Ilipsoas: originates on the ilium and inserts on the lesser trochanter. It acts to flex the hip. It is innervated by the femoral nerve. It locates at the tendinous insertion of the brachiocephalic muscle. Again, the medial end of the clavicle attaches to the sternal fascia by a distinct ligamentous band.

Greater Trochanter: It is for the attachment of the middle and deep gluteal muscles as well as the quadriceps femoris muscles. The uterus is Y shaped in our four legged friend. You may have heard it being called the uterine horn due to its shape.