Michael D. D'Emic; Kathlyn M. Smith; Zachary T. Ansley (2015). "Unusual histology and morphology of the ribs of mosasaurs (Squamata)". Palaeontology. 58 (3): 511–520. Bibcode: 2015Palgy..58..511D. doi: 10.1111/pala.12157. S2CID 129177236. Cyrus C. Greene (2018). Osteohistology And Skeletochronology Of an Ontogenetic Series Of Clidastes (Squamata: Mosasauridae): Growth And Metabolism In Basal Mosasaurids (MS). Fort Hays State University.

a b Vanessa C. Bowman; Jane E. Francis; James B. Riding (2013). "Late Cretaceous winter sea ice in Antarctica?" (PDF). Geology. 41 (12): 1227–1230. Bibcode: 2013Geo....41.1227B. doi: 10.1130/G34891.1. S2CID 128885087. Lingham-Soliar may have misapplied the ratio. His calculations interpreted "body length" as the length of the postcranial body, not the total length of the animal as demonstrated in Russell (1967), This erroneously inflated the estimate by 10%. [38] [50]a b c d Florence Pieters; Peggy G. W. Rompen; John W. M. Jagt; Nathalie Bardet (2012). "A new look at Faujas de Saint-Fond's fantastic story on the provenance and acquisition of the type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanni MANTELL, 1829". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 183 (1): 55–65. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.183.1.55. Joseph Leidy (1864). Cretaceous Reptiles of the United States. Vol.14. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. pp.30–120. Petrus Camper (1786). "Conjectures relative to the petrifactions found in St. Peter's Mountain near Maestricht". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 76 (2): 443–456. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1786.0026. ISSN 2053-9223. Johan Lindgren (2005). "The first record of Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from Sweden" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 79 (6): 1157–1165. doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1998.tb00520.x. S2CID 128711108.

Mosasaurs had a body shape similar to that of modern-day monitor lizards (varanids), but were more elongated and streamlined for swimming. Their limb bones were reduced in length and their paddles were formed by webbing between their long finger and toe bones. Their tails were broad, and supplied their locomotive power. Related: Dinosaur-killing asteroid triggered mile-high tsunami that spread through Earth's oceans Additional resourcesTakuya Konishi; Michael W. Caldwell; Tomohiro Nishimura; Kazuhiko Sakurai; Kyo Tanoue (2015). "A new halisaurine mosasaur (Squamata: Halisaurinae) from Japan: the first record in the western Pacific realm and the first documented insights into binocular vision in mosasaurs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 14 (10): 809–839. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2015.1113447. S2CID 130644927. a b c d e f James E. Martin (2006). "Biostratigraphy of the Mosasauridae (Reptilia) from the Cretaceous of Antarctica". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 258 (1): 101–108. Bibcode: 2006GSLSP.258..101M. doi: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.258.01.07. S2CID 128604544. a b c Elizabeth L. Nicholls and Anthony P. Russell (1990). "Paleobiogeography of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America: the vertebrate evidence". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 79 (1–2): 149–169. Bibcode: 1990PPP....79..149N. doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(90)90110-S. One of the earliest depictions of Mosasaurus in paleoart is a life-size concrete sculpture created by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins [44] between 1852 and 1854 [45] as part of the collection of sculptures of prehistoric animals on display at the Crystal Palace Park in London. The restoration was primarily informed by Richard Owen's interpretation of the M. hoffmannii holotype and the anatomy of monitor lizards, so Hawkins depicted the animal as essentially a water-going monitor lizard. It was given a boxy head, nostrils at the side of the skull, large volumes of soft tissue around the eyes, lips reminiscent of monitor lizards, scales consistent with those in large monitors like the Komodo dragon, and a flipper. The model was deliberately sculpted incomplete, which Mark Witton believed was likely to save time and money. Many elements of the sculpture can be considered inaccurate, even for the time. It did not take into account Golduss' 1845 study of M. missouriensis which instead called for a narrower skull, nostrils at the top of the skull, and amphibious terrestrial limbs (the latter being incorrect in modern standards [44]). [30] Description [ edit ] Life restoration of M. hoffmannii, one of the largest known mosasaurs [46] Eric W. A. Mulder; Dirk Cornelissen; Louis Verding (2004), "Is Mosasaurus lemonnieri a juvenile Mosasaurus hoffmanni? A discussion", in J. W. M. Jagt; A. S. Schulp (eds.), First Mosasaur Meeting, Maastricht, pp.62–66 {{ citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)

a b c August Goldfuss (1845). Der Schädelbau des Mosasaurus, durch Beschreibung einer neuen Art dieser Gattung erläutert (in German). Vol.21. pp.1–28. OCLC 421862452. Carbon isotope studies on fossils of multiple M. hoffmannii individuals have found extremely low values of δ 13C, the lowest in all mosasaurs for the largest individuals. Mosasaurs with lower δ 13C values tended to occupy higher trophic levels, and one factor for this was dietary: a diet of prey rich in lipids such as sea turtles and other large marine reptiles can lower δ 13C values. M. hoffmannii's low δ 13C levels reinforces its likely position as an apex predator. [61] James Parkinson. M. A. Nattali (ed.). Outlines of Oryctology: An Introduction to the Study of Fossil Organic Remains; Especially of Those Found in the British Strata: Intended to Aid the Student in His Inquiries Respecting the Nature of Fossilsand Their Connection with the Formation of the Earth (3ed.). London. pp.306–308. OCLC 613230819. a b c d Johan Lindgren; Michael J. Polcyn; Bruce A. Young (2011). "Landlubbers to leviathans: evolution of swimming in mosasaurine mosasaurs". Paleobiology. 37 (3): 445–469. Bibcode: 2011Pbio...37..445L. doi: 10.1666/09023.1. JSTOR 23014733. S2CID 85165085.John W. Hoganson; Brett Woodward (2004). "Skeleton of the Rare Giant Sea Turtle, Archelon, Recovered from the Cretaceous DeGrey Member of the Pierre Shale near Cooperstown, Griggs County, North Dakota" (PDF). North Dakota Geological Society Newsletter. 32 (1): 1–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 3, 2020. Michael W. Caldwell (2007). "Ontogeny, anatomy and attachment of the dentition in mosasaurs (Mosasauridae: Squamata)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (4): 687–700. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00280.x.