Inside Kfar Aza Where Hamas Militants Killed Families in Their Homes.” BBC News, 10 Oct. 2023. www.bbc.com, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67065205.Accessed 11 Oct. 2023.

In 2014, a massive prison riot broke out in Cascavel, Brazil. Nearly 1,000 inmates (some of whom are pictured above) rose up to demand better living conditions. They took over several wings of the institution and even set fire to many parts of the prison. Of the four people killed, two were brutally beheaded. Guards were held hostage. Their captors used the severed heads to inflict psychological torture. Live: Gaza’s Only Power Plant Runs out of Fuel as Israel Pounds Besieged Enclave.” France 24, 11 Oct. 2023, https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20231011-%F0%9F%94%B4-live-israeli-airstrikes-on-gaza-continue-death-toll-mounts-on-both-sides.Accessed 11 Oct. 2023.

Some modern authors link the legends of cephalophores miraculously walking with their heads in their hands [13] to the Celtic cult of heads. Israeli Forensic Teams Describe Signs of Torture, Abuse.” Reuters, 15 Oct. 2023. www.reuters.com, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-forensic-teams-describe-signs-torture-abuse-2023-10-15/. Accessed Oct. 16, 2023. In part, many questions about the violence remain unanswered because journalists have limited access to many parts of Israel and Palestine due to safety threats and military brigades. Let us note here: In 2019 i24News was described by Israeli news outlet Haaretz as pushing narratives in favor of Netanyahu. Similarly, decapitation is an unlikely form of suicide but could occur unintentionally during a hanging attempt. In a 2018 study , researchers examined records from 1.5 million suicidal hangings and found only three resulted in actual beheadings.

Biden Confirms Hamas Beheaded Children in Atrocity That ‘Exceeds’ ISIS.” Skynews, 11 Oct. 2023, https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/joe-biden-confirms-hamas-terrorists-beheaded-children-in-an-atrocity-the-president-says-exceeds-worst-of-isis/news-story/d082e98613107c0e14d530756b673a82.Accessed 12 Oct. 2023. The study’s authors concluded that there is some form of brief consciousness in brain activity — at least in rats. But what does this mean for humans? GB News in Britain. Charlie Peters of GB News claimed to have seen proof of "innocents beheaded and burned — murdered babies." When asked by another user on X if he had seen evidence of the allegedly beheaded infants, he said, "I said murdered babies. Infants have been killed and we have seen footage." It was unclear what video to which he was referring, and whether it was publicly accessible. When we reached out to Peters, he directed us to The Media Line's reporting on footage released by the Israeli military and review of forensic evidence, as mentioned above.The facts, when confirmed, should be revealed, whatever they may be. As of this writing, there is not enough evidence to verify that infants were beheaded. From Where Did the 'Beheaded Babies' Rumor Originate? In Dante's Divine Comedy (Canto 28) the poet meets the spectre of the troubadour Bertrand de Born in the eighth circle of the Inferno, carrying his severed head in his hand, slung by its hair, like a lantern; upon seeing Dante and Virgil, the head begins to speak. [14]

Kongara described the EEG changes as “significant” and said her team attributed the activity to the rats’ cerebral cortices responding to the pain. The EEG activity was then followed by a termination of brain activity. “That means during this window, ‘decapitation’ can be perceived as painful by a conscious animal,” she says.

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There are lots of good physiological reasons why people find heads fascinating, and powerful, and tempting to remove. The human head is a biological powerhouse and a visual delight. It accommodates four of our five senses: sight, smell, hearing and taste all take place in the head. It encases the brain, the core of our nervous system. It draws in the air we breathe and delivers the words we speak. As the evolution­ary biologist Daniel Lieberman has written, ‘Almost every particle entering your body, either to nourish you or to provide information about the world, enters via your head, and almost every activity involves something going on in your head.’ Scott B. Montgomery, "Mittite capud meum... ad matrem meam ut osculetur eum: The Form and Meaning of the Reliquary Bust of Saint Just Mittite", Gesta 36.1 (1997), pp. 48–64.

The topos can be traced to two sources. [1] In a homily on Saints Juventinus and Maximinus, John Chrysostom asserted that the severed head of a martyr was more terrifying to the devil than when it was able to speak. [2] "He then compared soldiers showing their wounds received in battle to martyrs holding their severed head in their hands and presenting it to Christ". [2] The other source was the Western vita of Saint Denis, founder of the see of Paris, who was identified in the text with Dionysius the Areopagite.People should be wary of claims that echo Islamophobic rhetoric, or statements that compare the violence in Kfar Aza to “ISIS-style” killings — i.e., beheadings that have taken place in a different context and were committed by a different group. Such rumors that emphasize specific, unverified acts of brutality against infants and that attempt to connect them to patterns of violence carried out by unconnected Islamist groups have the potential to become dangerous propaganda. Walter, Christopher (2003). The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-84014-694-3. Kongara says she was motivated to study decapitation in rats after reading other studies involving consciousness of slaughtered farm animals. “These studies made us think about laboratory animals, which are killed in large numbers globally for experimental purpose,” says Kongara. In Porto Velho state penitentiary in Rondonia, eight were killed, and the psychiatric ward was set ablaze. 1 Decapitated Hindu Priest A cephalophoric legend of Nicasius of Rheims tells that at the moment of his execution, Nicasius was reading Psalm 119 (Psalm 118 in the Vulgate). When he reached the verse "Adhaesit pavimento anima mea" ("My soul is attached unto dust") (verse 25), he was decapitated. After his head had fallen to the ground, Nicasius continued the psalm, adding, "Vivifica me, Domine, secundum verbum tuum" ("Revive me, Lord, with your words"). [7] The theme of the speaking head is extended in the 8th-century Passio of Saint Justus of Beauvais: after the child had been beheaded by Roman soldiers, his father and brother found the corpse sitting with his head in his lap. Giving the head to his father, Justus asked him to carry it to Auxerre, so that his mother, Felicia, might kiss it. [8] Saint Aphrodisius, a martyr of Alexandria, venerated at Béziers