Some reliquaries were formed as busts, notably the famous Bust of Charlemagne in gold, still in the Aachen Cathedral treasury, from c. 1350. Otherwise it was a rare format. Next, apply a gentle cleaning method such as washing your cast stone with fresh, clean water to remove further top-level dirt and blemishes. This can sometimes be enough to simply improve the appearance of your stonework and is especially the case with newer designs, or those that have not been exposed to months of inclement weather. Plaster casts were especially sought after during the 19th century, when reproductions of great works of sculpture and architecture were thought crucial for the training of artists. A separating substance was applied to the surface of the work to be reproduced, and a plaster mould made from that. The mould would then be used to make any number of additional plaster copies. These were often sold to artists, and later in the century to art colleges for study purposes.

As a format that allows the most distinctive characteristics of an individual to be depicted with much less work, and therefore expense, and occupying far less space than a full-length statue, the bust has been since ancient times a popular style of life-size portrait sculpture. It can also be executed in weaker materials, such as terracotta. Parian porcelain, slip cast.The circular socle is made separately and is held to the bust by a brass screw, nut, and washer. During a fire towards the end of the Second World War, the marble portrait head in Berlin was divided from the rest of the bust, including its decorative base. The shoulders and integral base are now in Moscow, while the head is in the Bode Museum, Berlin. This plaster cast was made in the 1880s, before this extensive damage to the marble original.The portrait bust was a Hellenistic Greek invention (although the Egyptian bust presented below precedes Hellenic productions by five centuries), though very few original Greek examples survive, as opposed to many Roman copies of them. There are four Roman copies as busts of Pericles with the Corinthian helmet, but the Greek original was a full-length bronze statue. They were very popular in Roman portraiture. [2] Thomas N. Miller reserve the right to illustrate any lot offered for auction and will use such photographs, both before and after the auction, at their discretion. The auctioneers may also publish any sale results after an auction has taken place. Thomas N. Miller will not be responsible for any accident, or damage to life or limb, which may occur within the auction rooms at Algernon Road or at any other premises where Thomas N. Miller may choose to conduct its business. Customers will attend viewings and auctions solely at their own risk. The auctioneers have total and absolute discretion to divide any lot, to combine any two or more lots or to withdraw any lot from the sale , to refuse bids, to regulate bidding or to cancel the sale without in any case giving any reason, or without any previous notice. Thomas N. Miller also reserve the right to deny access to any person to any of their viewings or auctions without having to give reason.

Encourage the growth of moss, lichen and a darkening of stone by painting your design with a mixture of natural yoghurt, semi-skimmed milk and either chimney soot, peat or silt. You can also encourage faster moss growth by rubbing established moss over the surface of your cast stone design. The moss spores will impregnate into the stone surface and activate growth over time. We always recommend testing the following cleaning methods on a small, inconspicuous area of your Home and Garden design first before continuing to clean any visible areas. The highest bidder shall be the buyer . The auctioneers may, at their own discretion, determine the advance of the bidding or refuse a bid. If during the auction the auctioneer considers that a dispute has arisen he has absolute discretion to to settle the dispute or re-offer the lot. Thomas N. Miller may only re-offer a lot if a bidder contests a matter immediately and before the next lot is offered.

Created: Saturday 6 August 2011 Updated: Wednesday 24 March 2021 Last processed: Thursday 3 August 2023