An SFP - Small Form-factor Pluggable Transceiver - is just a little device that converts a standard set of signals to another standard set of signals. They often convert to fibre Ethernet connections, but can equally provide copper Ethernet or even direct SFP-SFP connections. Flexibility of media and interface choice on a port-by-port basis, so you can “pay as you populate” The SFP-10G-ZR-I has a cold start at -40 ⁰ C, the transceiver will be operational except optical traffic is not supported from -40 ⁰ C to -28 ⁰ C, all other low speed features (DOM, I2C, etc.) are operational. The module is fully operational -28 ⁰ C to 85 ⁰ C. Cisco quality Identification (ID) feature enables a Cisco platform to identify whether the module is certified and tested by Cisco As @JourneymanGeek points out, Ethernet specifies what signals to transmit and receive, and puts requirements on the characteristics of the cable - certain signal loss is acceptable at certain frequencies, and certain inter-pair cross-talk levels (where the signals on one pair can be " heard" on another pair).

The Cisco SFP-10G-LR-X is a multirate 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-LW, and OTU2/OTU2e module for extended operating temperature range. It supports a link length of 10 kilometers on standard Single-Mode Fiber (SMF,G.652).Estimated valueis Dell’s estimate of product value based on industry data, including the prices at which third-party retailers have offered or valued the same or comparable products, in its most recent survey of major online and/or off-line retailers. Third-party retailer data may not be based on actual sales. The MAC is normally integated into the network device. The transciever may also be integrated or it may be in the form of a module. Integrating the transciever lowers the total per-port cost but reduces flexibility. For data center network professionals, the power consumption of active devices is very important. After all, every watt consumed by a device means that two additional watts are needed to cool the data center. Take FS SFP+ copper solution as an example, its power consumption is 2.5W or less, and the longer the length, the lower the power consumption of the 10GBase-T modules. SFP+ to RJ45 Solution: Pros and Cons Pros

The Cisco SFP-10G-ZR-I is a multirate 10GBASE-ZR, 10GBASE-ZW, and OTU2/OTU2e module for industrial operating temperature range. The SFP-10G-ZR-I has a limiting electrical interface receiver, which does not require EDC PHY on the host board, it can be plugged into any SFP+ port. It supports link lengths of up to 70 kilometers on standard Single-Mode Fiber (SMF, G.652), assuming a fiber chromatic dispersion of 20ps/(nm *km). This interface is not specified as part of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard and is instead built according to Cisco specifications. The SFP-10G-ZR-I has a cold start at -40⁰C; the transceiver will be operational except optical traffic is not supported from -40⁰ to -28⁰C, all other low speed features (DOM, I2C, etc.) are operational. The module is fully operational from -28⁰C to 85⁰C.Information about Cisco’s environmental sustainability policies and initiatives for our products, solutions, operations, and extended operations or supply chain is provided in the “Environment Sustainability” section of Cisco’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report. Ethernet (like DOCSIS) outlines the signals and cable requirements, but it also outlines options for the connectors used. Optical interoperability with 10GBASE XENPAK, 10GBASE X2, and 10GBASE XFP interfaces on the same link

The Cisco 10GBASE-LRM Module also supports link lengths of 300m on standard Single-Mode Fiber (SMF,G.652). Twisted-pair cables consist of two conductors of a single circuit twisted together, which reduce the effects of EMI and mutual interference between pairs and improve electromagnetic compatibility. Nowadays the cables are shielded with aluminum foil to increase protection against crosstalk on neighboring lines. There are Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8 Ethernet cables that can be used in your network solution. And this 10Gb copper SFP+ solution can be paired with Cat6a/Cat7 or Better for a transmission distance of 80m. Latency The Cisco 10GBASE-LRM Module supports link lengths of 220m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) grade Multimode Fiber (MMF). To make sure that specifications are met over FDDI-grade, OM1 and OM2 fibers, the transmitter should be coupled through a mode conditioning patch cord. No mode conditioning patch cord is required for applications over OM3 or OM4. For additional information on mode conditioning patch cord requirements please see: https://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/modules/ps5455/product_bulletin_c25-530836.html.The SFP spec outlines the signals as well as the termination - in this case directly between the module and the host device. The fiber world uses a dizzying array of different standards, so pluggable transervers are the norm there. The copper world on the other hand mostly uses fixed transcievers. From time to time though it is desirable to connect a copper connection to a SFP port, so 100BASE-T SFP transcievers are made.