Press Trust of India (22 February 2013). "Russia to hand over INS Vikramaditya to India in November". business-standard.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Radyuhin, Vladimir (8 June 2012). "INS Vikramaditya begins sea trials". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. The Mathura pillar inscription of Chandragupta II (as well as some other Gupta inscriptions) mention two dates: several historians have assumed that one of these dates denotes the king's regnal year, while the other date denotes the year of the Gupta calendar era. [15] However, Indologist Harry Falk in 2004 has theorised that the date understood to be the regnal year by the earlier scholars is actually a date of the kālānuvarttamāna system. [16] According to Falk, the kālānuvarttamāna system is a continuation of the Kushana calendar era established by emperor Kanishka, whose coronation Falk dates to 127 CE. The Kushana era restarts counting after a hundred years (e.g. the year after 100 is 1, not 101). [17]

The iron pillar is said to have been set up by king Chandra in honour of Vishnu, on a hill named Vishnu-pada, but the king seems to have died shortly before the inscription was engraved, as the inscription states that "the king has quit the earth and gone to the other world". A similar Vishnu- dhvaja ( flagpole in honour of Vishnu) was set up the Gupta emperor Skandagupta (a grandson of Chandragupta) after the death of his father Kumaragupta I. [37] Kallesvara Swamy Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 17 September 2014 . Retrieved 10 July 2012. Sacred Texts, Sir Richard R. Burton, Vikram and The Vampire, Preface to The First (1870) Edition. Retrieved January 21, 2009. a b c "INS Vikrant: India's New Carrier-Gorshkov-Vikramaditya: Aerial Complement". 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013.

Weaponry

Prinsep, James, Edward Thomas, and Henry Thoby Prinsep. 1858. Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palæographic, of the late James Prinsep, to Which are Added his Useful Tables, Illustrative of Indian History, Chronology, Modern Coinages, Weights, Measures, etc. London: J. Murray. OCLC 5574640. Two killed in toxic gas leak on board INS Vikramaditya". Hindustan Times. 10 June 2016. Archived from the original on 14 June 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016. Indian Navy Mulls Northrop Advanced Hawkeye". Aviationweek.com. 2 September 2009 . Retrieved 7 March 2011. The modifications also included replacement of 2,300km of old electrical cables with new cables, upgrades to bulbous bow, and replacement of distilling plants. The aft aircraft lift and ammunition lifts were also upgraded. Weaponry

Gazeta, Rossiyskaya; Yemelyanenkov, Aleksandr; Vorontsova, Yekaterina (24 September 2013). "Vikramaditya "significant capability-enhancer" for Indian Navy- Commodore Berry". www.rbth.com . Retrieved 31 December 2018. Dutta, Sujan (16 April 2010). "Speedy probe into navy 'honey trap' – Panel hands in report on commodore". Calcutta, India: telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. Vikramaditya VI is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit poets. [8] In Kannada, his brother prince Kirtivarma wrote Govaidya on veterinary science and the poet Brahmashiva wrote Samayaparikshe ("Analysis of the doctrine", c. 1125) and received the title Kavi Chakravarti ( lit, "Emperor among poets") [9] Noted Sanskrit scholars such as Bilhana who earned the title Vidyapati (" pundit") came to his court from faraway Kashmir and wrote a panegyric on the life of his patron king in Vikramankadevacharita. The poet compared his rule to Ramarajya (" Rama's Kingdom"). Vijnaneshwara the noted jurist in his court wrote Mitakshara, a commentary on Yagnavalkya Smriti (on Hindu family law). Of the king he wrote "A King like Vikramarka is neither to be seen nor heard of". [10] Vikramaditya VI is known to be a Shaiva by faith. [3] His rule saw prolific temple building activity. Notable constructions include the Mallikarjuna temple, [11] the Mahadeva temple [12] the Kaitabheshvara temple [13] and the Kalleshvara temple. [14] According to historian Sen, the 50-year reign of Vikramaditya VI was overall a peaceful and prosperous one. Sen estimates at his peak Vikramaditya VI controlled a vast empire stretching from the Tumkur district and Cuddapah in the south to the Narmada river in the north, and up to the Khammam district and the Godavari district in the east and south-east. [15] Vikramaditya's rebellion, rise to power and Chola relations While alternative identifications have been proposed, there is strong evidence for identifying Chandra of the iron pillar inscription as Chandragupta II: [5] Chandragupta was a son of Samudragupta and queen Dattadevi, as attested by his own inscriptions. [7] According to the official Gupta genealogy, Chandragupta succeeded his father on the Gupta throne. The Sanskrit play Devichandraguptam, combined with other evidence suggests that he had an elder brother named Ramagupta, who preceded him on the throne. In the play, Ramagupta decides to surrender his queen Dhruvadevi to a Shaka enemy when besieged, but Chandragupta goes to the enemy camp disguised as the queen and kills the enemy. Sometime later, Chandragupta dethrones Ramagupta, and becomes the new king. [10] The historicity of this narrative is debated among modern historians, with some believing it to be based on true historical events, while others dismissing it as a work of fiction. [11] [12] Period of reign [ edit ] Gupta Empire

An Udayagiri inscription records the construction of a Vaishnava cave temple by Chandragupta's feudatory Maharaja Sanakanika, in year 82 of the Gupta era (c. 401–402). [29] The refurbished aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya is equipped with 234 new hull sections constructed using 2,500t of steel. It has an overall length of 284m, a maximum beam of 60m, the height of approximately 60m and a displacement of 44,500t. Prime Minister's Day at Sea". Indian Navy. 16 June 2014. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014 . Retrieved 17 June 2014.

Nevertheless, multiple scholars believe that one of these Navaratnas – Kalidasa – may have indeed flourished during the reign of Chandragupta II. These scholars include William Jones, A. B. Keith, and Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi among others. [53] [54] It is possible that Kalidasa was a court poet of Chandragupta. [55] Religion [ edit ] Chandragupta II is associated with the development of Vaishnavism in India, and the establishment of the Udayagiri Caves with Vaishnava iconography (here Varaha saving the world from chaos). [56] Circa 400. [57] The identification of Chandra with Chandragupta II also suggests Chandragupta achieved victories in the Vanga area in the present-day Bengal region. According to the Allahabad Pillar inscription of his father Samudragupta, the Samatata kingdom of the Bengal region was a Gupta tributary. The Guptas are known to have been ruling Bengal in the early 6th century, although there are no surviving records of the Gupta presence in this region for the intervening period. [38] Sea trials and commissioning [ edit ] Indian Navy flotilla with aircraft carriers Vikramaditya and Viraat. First sea trials [ edit ] Vikramaditya in the Baltic Sea during sea trials in 2013As a result of his victory over the Western Kshatrapas, Chandragupta must have extended his empire up to the Arabian Sea coast in present-day Gujarat. [32] Other military victories [ edit ] The iron pillar of Delhi, which features an inscription of king Chandra, identified as Chandragupta II. It was installed as a victory pillar in the Qutb complex by Sultan Iltutmish in the 13th century. [34] The inscription of king Chandra a b c "INS Vikramaditya enters Indian Navy's area of operation". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 January 2014. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 . Retrieved 4 January 2014.

Legend has it that the Satavahana King, Shalivahana defeated Vikramaditya and captured Ujjain in the first century C.E. Shalivahana inaugurated the Shalivahana era seventy eight C.E., retaining his capital in Pratisthana. The account of the battle had been recorded in "Katha-Saritsagara." Shalivahana is a legendary figure in Indian history, the king usually identified with the Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satkarni. The Satavahanas ruled the region beginning in the third century B.C.E., long before the Guptas from Pratisthana conquered the region. The ship was formally commissioned on 16 November 2013 at a ceremony held at Severodvinsk, Russia. [26] The ceremony was attended by the then-Indian defence minister A. K. Antony and the Russian deputy prime minister Dmitry Rogozin. Bose,DHNS, Mrityunjay. "National Defence College team visits naval facilities". Deccan Herald . Retrieved 26 November 2023. Maharaja Svamidasa, the ruler of Valkha, was also probably a Gupta feudatory if we assume that his inscription is dated in the Gupta calendar era; according to another theory, his inscription is dated in the Kalachuri calendar era. [48]CSL completes refit of Indian Navy's aircraft-carrier INS Vikramaditya". NavalTechnology.com. 14 November 2016. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016 . Retrieved 15 November 2016. Satavahana Empire: (230 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.): Territorial extent of the Satavahana Empire (continuous line), and conquests (dotted line). Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain