Urinary crystals are painful for your pet. They can lead to UTIs, and in severe cases, the crystals clump together and cause stones, making it very difficult for your cat to go to the toilet. In some cases, they can be dissolved with a change in food or antibiotics. Otherwise, surgery will be needed to remove them. Kidney disease This involves using a needle to get a urine sample directly from your cat's bladder. While this may be slightly uncomfortable for your cat, it does mean the sample isn't contaminated because it's taken straight from the bladder. Sometimes sedation is required for this procedure. What is catheterisation? Blood. Blood in the urine usually indicates there is bleeding somewhere in the urinary system. Sometimes this is due to how the sample was collected; for example, small amounts of blood are often found in samples collected by cystocentesis or catheterization. Blood in the urine is associated with diseases such as bacterial infection, bladder stones, trauma, or cancer, so if blood in the urine does not appear to be due to the sampling method, further investigation is recommended. Thanks to the Catrine Pearl urine collection kit, collecting your cat’s urine has been made as simple as possible and can be done at home, with subjecting your cat to undue stress. Catrine Pearl Litter does not absorb urine, allowing you to collect enough urine for your veterinarian to test it.

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Red Blood Cells. Small numbers of red blood cells are often found in urine collected by cystocentesis or catheterization, but large numbers of red blood cells usually indicate bleeding. This may be caused by conditions such as bladder stones, infection, coagulation problems, trauma, cancer, etc. Cystocentesis. A sterile needle and syringe are used to collect urine from the bladder. The needle is passed through the abdominal wall into a full bladder and urine is withdrawn directly into the sterile syringe. The advantage of cystocentesis is that the urine is not contaminated by miscellaneous debris from the lower urinary passage. This type of sample is ideal for assessing the bladderand kidneys and for detecting bacterial infection. The disadvantages of cystocentesis are that the method is slightly more invasive than other methods, is useful only if the pet’s bladder is full, and it is difficult to do in patients that are uncooperative.Glucose (sugar). Glucose should not be present in the urine of healthy cats and dogs. The presence of large amounts of glucose usually indicates the pet has diabetes mellitus. Small amounts of glucose in the urine may also be found in pets with kidney disease. Catheterization. A very narrow sterile catheter is passed up the lower urinary passage (called the urethra) into the bladder. A sterile syringe is attached to the catheter and urine is withdrawn from the bladder into the syringe. The technique is less invasive than cystocentesis and is a good option when a voluntary sample is not available, especially in male dogs.Catheterization causes mild irritation to the urethra, and may carry bacteria from the urethra into the bladder. A positive reading for blood can also be seen with a disease called hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are destroyed and a protein called hemoglobin is released. Hemoglobin passes into the urine and causes the blood test pad to show positive, even though there is no actual bleeding in the urinary system. Blood in your cat’s urine could be caused by a urinary tract infection, cystitis, urinary stones, trauma or even, although much less commonly, cancer. Blood in the urine, known as hematuria, is usually a symptom of a condition that requires urgent attention so seek advice from your vet straight away. Urobilinogen. The presence of urobilinogen in urine indicates that the bile duct is open, and that bile can flow from the gall bladder into theintestine. A negative urobilinogen result has no interpretation and does not mean the bile duct is obstructed.

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Put the sample in your sample pot and label it with your name, your cat's name and the time and date it was collected. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in older cats. They are caused by an infection in the urinary tract. Your cat's urine sample will show bacteria and white blood cells if they have a UTI. Therefore, it will be one of the first things the vet will look for, if only to rule it out. Urinary crystals Pet Health Club members receive a cat urine sample kit for free as part of their membership. This kit includes specialist cat litter for urine samples, a pipette and a sample pot. How to geta urine sample from a catMost of the analysis is done on whole urine (as it comes from the animal), but the microscopic examination of cells and solid material requires the sample to be concentrated or sedimented. To do this, urine is placed in a tube and then centrifuged (spun in a circle at very high speed) to force the cells and solid material to settle to the bottom. This accumulated material, or sediment, is collected and spread on a slide, and then examined under a microscope. If you cannot deliver the urine within an hour of collecting it, place the sample in the fridge until you leave (but not in the freezer). You must drop the sample off within 12 hours from the collection time, no later. Ideally, you'd hand over the fresh sample to your vet straight after your cat pees. But that's often not possible. But do try to get the sample to your vet within an hour. Do cat urine samples need to be refrigerated?

Cat Advice | Collecting a Urine Sample | Vets4Pets Cat Advice | Collecting a Urine Sample | Vets4Pets

Once your cat has urinated in the tray use the pipette provided to collect a sample and place it into the container provided.

Ideally, try to collect your cat's first wee of the day, as it's the most concentrated and easiest to examine. But remember cats, particularly indoor ones, can use their litter tray at any hour. Crystals in the urine do not always indicate disease. Some crystals form when a pet is given certain types of medications. Crystals can also form in urine after it has been collected, especially if there is a long delay before the urinalysis is done. If this happens, your veterinarian may wish to examine a fresh sample immediately after it has been collected to determine if the crystals are significant. Image via Wikimedia Commons/Joel Mills (CC BY-SA 3.0.) The best is to take the urine to your veterinarian within an hour of collecting it. If you have made an appointment with your veterinarian, plan to collect the urine just before.

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Crystals. There are many different types of crystals and they vary in size, shape, and color. The significance of crystals also varies. Some crystals are unique and help to pinpoint a specific diagnosis. In more common conditions such as bladder infection and bladder stones, the crystals provide information that can influence how the disease is managed. Mid-stream free flow. Urine is voided voluntarily by pet in the usual way and a sample is collected into a sterile container as the pet urinates. Ideally, the sample is collected mid-stream, meaning partway through urination. This type of sample is often called a “free flow” or “free catch” sample. The advantages of this method are that it is completely non-invasive, and the pet owner can collect the urine sample at home. The disadvantages are that it may be difficult to collect a sample in mid-stream from some pets, and the urine is more likely to be contaminated by miscellaneous debris from the urethra or the environment.It may help to think of urine specific gravity as the density of the urine. A healthy kidney should produce dense (concentrated) urine, while watery (dilute) urine may signal underlying disease. Bilirubin. Bilirubin is a substance that is produced in the liver and normally excreted in the bile. Bilirubin is not found in the urine of healthy cats but may be found in small quantities in the urine of healthy dogs. Abnormal amounts of bilirubin in the urine are associated with liver disease or red blood cell destruction (called hemolysis), and should always be investigated.