years ago there was a competition to see where readers were taking their World of Norm books. There were books in Hong Kong, Italy and Australia! In 2017 Australia exported 372 million tonnes of coal. With an average of 0.9 ppm uranium and 2.6 ppm thorium, at least 330 tonnes of uranium per year and 970 tonnes of thorium could conceivably be added to published export figures.

The world of norm book i have being reading is a very funny book it is about a boy called norm who is allways about to have a wii in his dads wardrobe.alsonorm wants to be a biking champion but his dad does not have a job.Terrestrial NORM consists of radioactive material that comes out of the Earth’s crust and mantle, and where human activity results in increased radiological exposure. The materials may be original (such as uranium and thorium) or decay products thereof, forming part of characteristic decay chain series, or potassium-40. The two most important chains providing nuclides of significance in NORM are the thorium series and the uranium series: My favourite character was Norm because he was very funny, especially when bad things keep happening to him! In the story there's a girl called Chelsea who's really annoying, she just won't leave Norm alone! I felt sorry for him whenever Chelsea was around!

This funny illustrated book is an accessible read likely to find favour with fans of Wimpy Kid, Big Nate and Tom Gates.Activity concentration guidelines for the use of NORM residues in building construction have been developed using the ACI approach and material has been classified into three categories, depending on whether the dose is below 0.5 mSv/yr (unrestricted use), between 0.5 and 1 mSv/yr (use restricted to roads, bridges, dams or, with dilution, low occupancy buildings) or above 1 mSv/yr (prohibited use). These levels correspond to equivalent activity concentration under 350 Bq/kg (and under 200 Bq/kg Ra-226), 350 to 1350 Bq/kg (200-1000 Bq/kg Ra-226) and over 1350 Bq/kg (1000 for Ra-226) respectively.

McBride et al., 1977, Radiological Impact of Airborne Effluents of Coal-Fired and Nuclear Power Plants, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-5315 The production of REEs has been accompanied by the production of large volumes of thorium hydroxide and residues containing radioactive lead and radium. In China, 30,000 tonnes of NORM residues are in temporary storage. Monazites form in phosphatic pegmatites and so REE extraction is sometimes in conjunction with phosphate mining. Exposure to radon is a problem in certain mining activities, notably uranium mining, and good ventilation must be assured so as to keep occupational exposure down, and levels must be monitored. Dale, L., Trace Elements in Coal, Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP), Report No. 2 (October 2006)NORM and cosmic radiation account for over 85% of an ‘average individual’s’ radiation exposure. Most of the balance is from exposure related to medical procedures. (Exposure from the nuclear fuel cycle - including fallout from the Chernobyl accident - accounts for less than 0.1%.) Industries producing NORM Coal Energy– combustion and ash The first four columns represent four of the 14 nuclides in the uranium decay series, the next two represent two of 10 in the thorium series. (For total activity in any coal, assume these are in serial equilibrium, hence multiply U-238 by 14 and Th-232 by 10, then add K-40.) I love bookbuzz i like norm is the best carictor love reading i think this book is quite exsiting and good you should read it Radioactive Waste in the Oil and Gas Industry, Safety Report Series No. 419, STI/PUB/1171 (ISBN: 9201140037)

The list of isotopes that contribute to natural radiation can be divided into those materials which come from the ground (terrestrial sources – the vast majority) and those which are produced as a result of the interaction of atmospheric gases with cosmic rays (cosmogenic). Typically a soil cleanup level of 0.5 to 1 Bq/g is a goal, though for residential land in UK 0.1 Bq/g is the level required. Material above the target level is sent to landfill, and anything over 100 Bq/g needs to be buried. Heavy metals may be of more concern than radionuclides in such situations.Following the Fukushima accident large areas were contaminated mainly with caesium fallout. In 2016 the government announced that material with less than 8 Bq/g caesium would no longer be subject to restriction regarding disposal. Radon Decommissioning experts are increasingly concerned about double standards developing in Europe which allow 30 times the dose rate from non-nuclear recycled materials than from those out of the nuclear industry. In respect to actual dose limits, 0.3 to 1.0 mSv/yr individual dose constraint is applied to oil and gas recyclables, and 0.01 mSv/yr for release of materials with the same kind of radiation from the nuclear industry. Tantalum usually occurs with the chemically-similar niobium, often in tantalite and columbite, coltan (columbite + tanatalite), or polychlore (niobium). Tantalum ores, often derived from pegmatites, comprise a wide variety of more than a hundred minerals, some of which contain uranium and/or thorium. Hence the mined ore and concentrate contain both these and their decay products in their crystal lattice. Concentration of the tantalum minerals is generally by gravity methods (as with mineral sands), so the lattice-bound radioisotope impurities if present will report with the concentrate.

NORM sources

A survey of 44 Chinese coal mines (40 of which were underground operations) indicated that radon concentrations in 15% of them were above 1000 Bq/m 3. (NORM VII proceedings, IAEA 2015) Oil and gas production The world of norm is about a boy called Norm who moves house because his parents cant afford to pay the rent for the old house because his dad was fired because he was playing on a game at work.I like the World Of Norm because it is intresting and funny and very entertaining to read. The World of Norm" books are all about a normal boy called... Norman! He lives in a normal family with his parents and his two really annoying little brothers. Norm wakes up with his dog on his face. His brother tells him to come down, because his parents want to speak to him. Cut to Norm lamenting on the woes of having siblings and reminiscing about the days of being an only child, and getting a shed-load of attention. His parents say they're going to a loathable shop, but he must stay in to wait on a parcel. They leave. He makes a deal with annoying neighbour Chelsea to have her wait on the parcel. Now time to do the awesome thing that is biking with best friend Mikey. Stupid name. Sorry. Crashes his bike. Finds Mikey isn't in and just bought a new bike for no good reason. Strikes off friendship for petty reason. Finds the parcel is an okay phone for him. Gets his grandfather to mend the bike. All is well.