Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Parashar UD. Global, Regional, and National Estimates of Rotavirus Mortality in Children <5 Years of Age, 2000–2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(suppl 2):S96–105 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27059362. [cited 2017 Dec 16];. Bagheri, R.; Rabbani, B.; Mahdieh, N.; Khanahmad, H.; Abachi, M.; Asgari, S. PCR-ELISA: A diagnostic assay for identifying Iranian HIV seropositives. Mol. Genet. Mikrobiol. Virusol. 2013, 3, 36–39. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

Rathaur, et al. Clinical study of acute childhood diarrhoea caused by bacterial enteropathogens. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(5):PC01–5.Ascher DP, Edusada-Corpus R. Clinical and laboratory predictors of bacterial diarrhoea in a tropical environment. Mil Med 1991; 156: 74-6. The predominant cause of acute diarrhea in children is viral infection with rotavirus being the most common cause, accounting for 40% of hospitalizations amongst children under 5. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Medical records of all consecutive adult patients with history of acute diarrhoea were reviewed between June 2006 to December 2006 for clinical characteristics and laboratory investigations.

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Meropol SB, Luberti AA, De Jong AR. Yield from stool testing of pediatric inpatients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151: 142-5. During the defined study period, 454 adult patients were admitted to the medical ward with acute gastroenteritis. Two hundred and thirty three patients met inclusion criteria. Out of those, 117 (50%) were male and 116 (49%) were female. Stool culture was found positive for an organism in 99 (42%) cases. V. cholerae was found to be the most frequently detected pathogen. Demographics, clinical features and laboratory values for various pathogens identified, are shown in Table-1. Total 500 stool samples were collected between January 2014 to December 2014 in stool collection vials from patients experienced more than 3 watery loose stools in the last 24 h, with illness duration less than 2 weeks. The children were enrolled between 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM from Friday to Saturday in year 2014. Faecal sample were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in a 30 ml polystyrene faecal container with spoon (Dynarex) and were stored initially in Microbiology and Public health laboratory COMSATS, Islamabad at − 80 °C until further analysis. Isolation and identification of Campylobacter jejuni Childhood diarrhea is defined as the passage of three or more abnormally watery stools within 24 h [ 1]. Globally, diarrheal diseases ranked as the second leading cause of death in infants and young children, contributed 2.5 million deaths annually [ 2]. The developing countries have the highest disease burden caused by diarrhea with almost four fifths of all under five deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia [ 3]. According to an estimate by WHO (World health organization) in 2016, the under-five mortality rate in low-income countries was 73.2 deaths per 1000 live births which in nearly 14 times the average rate in developed countries [ 4]. Diverse parasitic, bacterial and viral agents are involved in diarrheal disease [ 5, 6]. Although, every diarrheal pathogen can cause disease alone, but 2 or more pathogens can also be responsible for the incidence of diarrhea, referred to as co-infections [ 7, 8]. Infections caused by RVA and Campylobacter can be of varying degrees from very mild to very severe resulting in complications [ 9].