a b Pitkin, H. (1985). Wintu Dictionary. University of California Press. pp.65, 573. ISBN 978-0-520-09613-4. OCLC 12313411. The study supports the findings of previous studies that North American gray wolves and wolf-like canids were the result of complex gray wolf and coyote mixing. A polar wolf from Greenland and a coyote from Mexico represented the purest specimens. The coyotes from Alaska, California, Alabama, and Quebec show almost no wolf ancestry. Coyotes from Missouri, Illinois, and Florida exhibit 5–10% wolf ancestry. There was 40% wolf to 60% coyote ancestry in red wolves, 60% wolf to 40% coyote in Eastern timber wolves, and 75% wolf to 25% coyote in the Great Lakes wolves. There was 10% coyote ancestry in Mexican wolves and the Atlantic Coast wolves, 5% in Pacific Coast and Yellowstone wolves, and less than 3% in Canadian archipelago wolves. If a third canid had been involved in the admixture of the North American wolf-like canids, then its genetic signature would have been found in coyotes and wolves, which it has not. [58] Merriam, C. Hart (1910). The Dawn of the World: Myths and Weird Tales Told by the Mewan (Miwok) Indians of California. Cleveland: Arthur H. Clarke Co. Coyotes can actually be found living in cities or urban areas. They often even invade urban parks and forest preserves and seek to own the territory. They use urine to mark their territory just like dogs do.

Coyote America: A Natural and Supernatural History Coyote America: A Natural and Supernatural History

Genetic studies relating to wolves or dogs have inferred phylogenetic relationships based on the only reference genome available, that of the Boxer dog. In 2017, the first reference genome of the wolf Canis lupus lupus was mapped to aid future research. [57] In 2018, a study looked at the genomic structure and admixture of North American wolves, wolf-like canids, and coyotes using specimens from across their entire range that mapped the largest dataset of nuclear genome sequences against the wolf reference genome. Vonholdt, B. M.; Pollinger, J. P.; Earl, D. A.; Knowles, J. C.; Boyko, A. R.; Parker, H.; Geffen, E.; Pilot, M.; Jedrzejewski, W.; Jedrzejewska, B.; Sidorovich, V.; Greco, C.; Randi, E.; Musiani, M.; Kays, R.; Bustamante, C. D.; Ostrander, E. A.; Novembre, J.; Wayne, R. K. (2011). "A genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids". Genome Research. 21 (8): 1294–1305. doi: 10.1101/gr.116301.110. ISSN 1549-5469. OCLC 37589079. PMC 3149496. PMID 21566151. M A small subspecies, it has dark, rufous-tinged fur, a comparatively small skull, and weak dentition. [72]Zimmer, Carl (January 21, 2013). "Snow Coyotes and Spirit Bears". National Geographic Magazine . Retrieved July 1, 2016. a b c d e f g Bekoff, Marc; Gese, Eric M. (2003). "Coyote". In Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C.; Chapman, Joseph A. (eds.). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, management, and conservation (2nded.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.467–470. ISBN 978-0-8018-7416-1. OCLC 51969059. Main article: Coyote (mythology) Coyote paddling in a canoe in Edward S. Curtis's Indian days of long ago Curtis, E. S. (1928). The Chipewyan. The western woods Cree. The Sarsi. The North American Indian. Vol.18. Classic Books Company. p.201. ISBN 978-0-7426-9818-5.

Coyote | National Geographic Coyote | National Geographic

It begins with Coyote's grandson being sent by his mother to go see Coyote and before the grandson leaves he is explicitly told not to enter a cave that lies between his mother's house and Coyote's house. However, after the grandson had traveled for some time it began to get dark and rain began to fall. Deciding to disobey his mother's instruction, the grandson spends the night and the subsequent morning in the cave. Snow coyotes are a rare breed of coyotes, not to be mistaken for albino coyotes. So rather than having an absence of pigment, these rare “snow coyotes” are located around Newfoundland. They have very specific genes that turn their coat white, hence the name “Snow coyotes”.Southern Sonora, extreme southwestern Chihuahua, western Durango, western Zacatecas, and Sinaloa [63] a b Sapir, Edward & Dixon, Roland B (1910). Yana Texts together with Yana Myths. University of California. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Way, J. G. (2007). "A comparison of body mass of Canis latrans (Coyotes) between eastern and western North America" (PDF). Northeastern Naturalist. 14 (1): 111–24. doi: 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[111:ACOBMO]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1938-5307. JSTOR 4499900. OCLC 46381506. S2CID 85288738. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2008.

Coyote America Summary | SuperSummary Coyote America Summary | SuperSummary

Southern British Columbia and southeastern Alberta, Washington east of the Cascade Range, Oregon, northern California, western Montana, Wyoming, Colorado (except the southeastern corner), north-central Nevada, and north-central Utah [63]Coyote is the tutelary spirit of "Coyoteway", one of the Navajo curing ceremonies. The ceremony is intended to restore the patient's harmonious relationship with Coyote and the world, and to bring about a return to good health. Myths and stories of Coyote are also found in the cultures of the Plateau area: the Chinookan (including the Wishram people and the Multnomah), [24] the Flathead, [25] the Nez Perce, [26] the Nlaka'pamux, the Syilx (Okanagan), the St'at'imc, the Tsilhqot'in, and the Yakama. [27] Due to the coyote's wide range and abundance throughout North America, it is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). [2] The coyote's pre-Columbian range was limited to the Southwest and Plains regions of North America, and northern and central Mexico. By the 19th century, the species expanded north and east, expanding further after 1900, coinciding with land conversion and the extirpation of wolves. By this time, its range encompassed the entire North American continent, including all of the contiguous United States and Mexico, southward into Central America, and northward into most of Canada and Alaska. [166] This expansion is ongoing, and the species now occupies the majority of areas between 8°N (Panama) and 70°N (northern Alaska). [2]

Coyote America : A Natural and Supernatural History

He also appears in a legend of the White Mountain Apache, "Coyote fights a lump of pitch" (a variant of the Tar-Baby theme), and in similar legends of the Zapotec and Popoluca of Mexico. [ citation needed] Kroeber, A. L. (April 1907). "Horatio Nelson Rust". The Journal of American Folklore. 20 (77): 153. doi: 10.2307/534662. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 534662. Coyotes have hybridized with wolves to varying degrees, particularly in eastern North America. The so-called " eastern coyote" of northeastern North America probably originated in the aftermath of the extermination of gray and eastern wolves in the northeast, thus allowing coyotes to colonize former wolf ranges and mix with the remnant wolf populations. This hybrid is smaller than either the gray or eastern wolf, and holds smaller territories, but is in turn larger and holds more extensive home ranges than the typical western coyote. As of 2010 [update], the eastern coyote's genetic makeup is fairly uniform, with minimal influence from eastern wolves or western coyotes. [78] Hennessy, C. A.; Dubach, J.; Gehrt, S. D. (2012). "Long-term pair bonding and genetic evidence for monogamy among urban coyotes ( Canis latrans)". Journal of Mammalogy. 93 (3): 732–742. doi: 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-184.1. ISSN 1545-1542. OCLC 39098574. Hoffmeister, Donald F. (2002). Mammals of Illinois. University of Illinois Press. pp.33–34. ISBN 978-0-252-07083-9. OCLC 50649299.This subspecies is similar to C. l. peninsulae, but larger and paler, with shorter ears and a longer muzzle. [62] Police speculated that a coyote was responsible for the 2010 death of Arizona rancher Robert Krentz. The death induced great pressure on Arizona's state government and is thought to have contributed to the passage of Arizona SB1070 on April 19, 2010. [21] [22] It is a hybrid of C. lupus/ C. lycaon and C. latrans; smaller than the eastern wolf and holds smaller territories, but larger and holds more extensive home ranges than the typical western coyote.