By paying attention to these physical attributes, you can become an expert in fish species identification. You can also better understand their traits, behaviors, and habitats. Recap of Identifying Fish Species by Fins and Tail Shape a b Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp.367–376. ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5. Lingham-Soliar, T. (2005). "Dorsal fin in the white shark,Carcharodon carcharias: A dynamic stabilizer for fast swimming". Journal of Morphology. 263 (1): 1–11. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10207. PMID 15536651. S2CID 827610. Diphycercal: vertebrae extend to the tip of the tail; the tail is symmetrical and expanded (as in the bichir, lungfish, lamprey and coelacanth). Most Palaeozoic fishes had a diphycercal heterocercal tail. [27] The liver is a large vital organ present in all fish. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. It is very susceptible to contamination by organic and inorganic compounds because they can accumulate over time and cause potentially life-threatening conditions. Because of the liver's capacity for detoxification and storage of harmful components, it is often used as an environmental biomarker. [40] Heart [ edit ] Blood flow through the heart: sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and outflow tract Cardiovascular cycle in a fish

a b c Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp.353–354. ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5. Zapata, Agustín G.; Chibá, Akira; Varas, Alberto (1996). "Cells and Tissues of the Immune System of Fish". Organism, Pathogen, and Environment. Fish Physiology. Vol.15. pp.1–62. doi: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60271-x. ISBN 9780123504395. Some types of fast-swimming fish have a horizontal caudal keel just forward of the tail fin. Much like the keel of a ship, this is a lateral ridge on the caudal peduncle, usually composed of scutes (see below), that provides stability and support to the caudal fin. There may be a single paired keel, one on each side, or two pairs above and below.

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Understanding fish tail anatomy is key for species identification, behavior, and habitat. Improve your fishing success by keeping an eye out for these indicators! Types of Tail Shapes and Their Functions Owen, Richard (1843). Lectures on the comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp.283–284.

a b c d e Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp.385–386. ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5. a b Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) For example, the shape of the lower lobe of the caudal fin can be straight, pointed, rounded, or forked. The location of the origin of the anal fin can be closer to the head or tail, depending on the species. Other features that can be used are: In many fish, the pectoral fins aid in walking, especially in the lobe-like fins of some anglerfish and in the mudskipper (see also walking fish) Mandibular/nasal barbells and gill rakers can help distinguish between various fish. Countershading, tail shape (forked/lunate), and environment can be useful too. A detailed examination of the fins, physical characteristics, and habitat can accurately identify the fish species. Types of Fish TailsA Shark's Skeleton & Organs". Archived from the original on 5 August 2010 . Retrieved 14 August 2009. Stori, E. M.; Rocha, M. L. C. F.; Dias, J. F.; dos Santos, C. E. I.; de Souza, C. T.; Amaral, L.; Dias, J. F. (1 January 2014). "Elemental characterization of injuries in fish liver". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 318: 83–87. Bibcode: 2014NIMPB.318...83S. doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2013.05.109. ISSN 0168-583X. Archived from the original on 3 July 2021 . Retrieved 3 July 2021– via Elsevier Science Direct.

Temple, Nicola (18 July 2011). "Removal of trout, salmon fin touches a nerve". Cosmos. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Fins can either be paired or unpaired. The pectoral and pelvic fins are paired, whereas the dorsal, anal and caudal fins are unpaired and situated along the midline of the body. For every type of fin, there are a number of fish species in which this particular fin has been lost during evolution (e.g. pelvic fins in † Bobasatrania, caudal fin in ocean sunfish). In some clades, additional unpaired fins were acquired during evolution (e.g. additional dorsal fins, adipose fin). In some † Acanthodii ("spiny sharks"), one or more pairs of "intermediate" or "prepelvic" spines are present between the pectoral and pelvic fins, but these are not associated with fins. C) - Homocercal where the fin usually appears superficially symmetric but in fact the vertebrae extend for a very short distance into the upper lobe of the fin. Homocercal caudal fins can, however, also appear asymmetric (e.g. blue flying fish). Most modern fishes ( teleosts) have a homocercal tail. These come in a variety of shapes, and can appear: FAQs about How To Identify Fish Species By Their Fins And Tail Shape 1. How can I tell the difference between fish species based on their fin and tail shape? Fish tails have different shapes, sizes, and structures. Recognizing these shapes helps us identify fish species and understand their environment, behavior, and biology. Here are some common tail shapes:Most male fish have two testes of similar size. In the case of sharks, the testis on the right side is usually larger. The primitive jawless fish have only a single testis located in the midline of the body, although even this forms from the fusion of paired structures in the embryo. [39] Muller, M. (1996). "A novel classification of planar four-bar linkages and its application to the mechanical analysis of animal systems" (PDF). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 351 (1340): 689–720. Bibcode: 1996RSPTB.351..689M. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1996.0065. PMID 8927640. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2011 . Retrieved 11 January 2011. Shi Z, Zhang Y, Meek J, Qiao J, Han VZ (2008). "The neuronal organization of a unique cerebellar specialization: the valvula cerebelli of a mormyrid fish". J. Comp. Neurol. 509 (5): 449–73. doi: 10.1002/cne.21735. PMC 5884697. PMID 18537139. In 2004, Hugh Herr at MIT prototyped a biomechatronic robotic fish with a living actuator by surgically transplanting muscles from frog legs to the robot and then making the robot swim by pulsing the muscle fibers with electricity. [100] [101] a b Brahic, Catherine (28 March 2008). "Dolphins swim so fast it hurts". New Scientist . Retrieved 31 March 2008.

The use of fins for the propulsion of aquatic animals can be remarkably effective. It has been calculated that some fish can achieve a propulsive efficiency greater than 90%. [31] Fish can accelerate and maneuver much more effectively than boats or submarine, and produce less water disturbance and noise. This has led to biomimetic studies of underwater robots which attempt to emulate the locomotion of aquatic animals. [90] An example is the Robot Tuna built by the Institute of Field Robotics, to analyze and mathematically model thunniform motion. [91] In 2005, the Sea Life London Aquarium displayed three robotic fish created by the computer science department at the University of Essex. The fish were designed to be autonomous, swimming around and avoiding obstacles like real fish. Their creator claimed that he was trying to combine "the speed of tuna, acceleration of a pike, and the navigating skills of an eel." [92] [93] [94] Sea turtles use their powerful flippers to propel themselves. Sea lions rely upon their powerful fore flippers to gain thrust while using their rear flippers as a rudder. In contrast, seals acquire their thrust by using their strong rear flippers.

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Four types of scales are present: cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid, and cosmoid. Cycloid and ctenoid scales help measure the standard fish length for identification. Kucher; etal. (2006). "Development of the zebrafish lymphatic system requires VegFc signalling". Current Biology. 16 (12): 1244–1248. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.026. PMID 16782017. S2CID 428224. Caudal/Tail fins: Also called the tail fins, caudal fins are attached to the end of the caudal peduncle and used for propulsion. The caudal peduncle is the narrow part of the fish's body. The hypural joint is the joint between the caudal fin and the last of the vertebrae. The hypural is often fan-shaped. The tail may be heterocercal, reversed heterocercal, protocercal, diphycercal, or homocercal. In the world of fishing, correctly identifying the species of fish you’ve caught is essential for ethical and legal reasons. While there are a variety of methods to identify various species, focusing on their fins and tail shape can often be one of the most efficient and reliable. This section will explore the ins and outs of identifying fish species through their fins and tail shape, starting with the anatomy of fish fins and types of fins and their functions. We will then delve into identifying fish species by their: