However, after receiving several mercy missions of supplies, the settlers persevered and finally struggled on to reach the proposed site for the colony in the Chubut valley about 40 miles away. Hearths, stone scrapers, and animal remains dated to 9400–9200 BC have been found east of the Andes.

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He spent six months in the area, traveling around, gathering stories of people who came from elsewhere and settled there. At Punta Arenas, in the extreme south, the mean temperature is 6°C (43°F) and the average extremes are 24. This supposed race of Patagonian giants or Patagones entered into the common European perception of this then little-known and distant area, to be further fueled by subsequent reports of other expeditions and famous travelers such as Sir Francis Drake, which seemed to confirm these accounts.

The tree line ranges from close to 2,000 m on the northern side (except for the Andes in northern Neuquén in Argentina, where sunnier and dryer conditions allow trees to grow up to close to 3,000 m), and diminishes southward to only 600–800 m in Tierra del Fuego. Patagonian Welsh has developed to be a distinct dialect of Welsh, different from the several dialects used in Wales itself; however, the dialects have a high degree of mutual intelligibility, and speakers from Wales and Patagonia are able to communicate readily. In 1773, John Hawkesworth published on behalf of the Admiralty a compendium of noted English southern-hemisphere explorers' journals, including that of James Cook and John Byron. Erosion, which is caused principally by the sudden melting and retreat of ice aided by tectonic changes, has scooped out a deep longitudinal depression, best in evidence where in contact with folded Cretaceous rocks, which are lifted up by the Cenozoic granite.

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Though not without it where the formations surface; see Chacaicosaurus and Mollesaurus from the Los Molles, and Caypullisaurus, Cricosaurus, Geosaurus, Herbstosaurus, and Wenupteryx from the Vaca Muerta. Lake basins along the Cordillera were also gradually excavated by ice streams, including Lake Argentino and Lake Fagnano, as well as coastal bays such as Bahía Inútil. In the northeast, the seasons for rain are reversed; most rain falls from occasional summer thunderstorms but totals barely reach 500mm in the northeast corner, and rapidly decrease to less than 300mm. In the 1870s, the Conquest of the Desert was a controversial campaign by the Argentine government, executed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca, to subdue or, some claim, to exterminate the native peoples of the south. In May 2015, the local government of Trelew announced free intensive Welsh language classes for the city's inhabitants under the name of Cwrs Blasu ("Savoring the language").Michael D Jones, a Welsh nonconformist minister and ardent nationalist recognised this pattern amongst immigrants to the United States and decided to do something about it.

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Foreign investors, including Italian multinational Benetton Group, Ted Turner, Joseph Lewis [74] and the conservationist Douglas Tompkins, own major land areas. The asthenospheric window associated to the triple junction disturbed previous patterns of mantle convection beneath Patagonia inducing an uplift of c. There are also tributes to people, such as Trelew, where "Lew" is an acronym for Lewis Jones; [15] or compound names derived from geographical features (for example, Dolavon, where “Dol” is meadow or lap and “avon”, river) or even from buildings (such as Trevelin, where “Tre” is town and “velin”, mill, for John Daniel Evans' flour mill). Una Aproximación Biogeográfica a los Límites de la Agricultura en el Norte de Patagonia, Argentina"[A Biogeographic Approach to Farming Limits in Northern Patagonia, Argentina] (PDF). Argentine authorities worried that the strong connections araucanized tribes had with Chile would allegedly give Chile certain influence over the pampas.Sheep farming revived in 2002 with the devaluation of the peso and firmer global demand for wool (led by China and the EU). Patagonia is divided between Western Patagonia (Chile) and Eastern Patagonia (Argentina) and several territories are still under dispute and claiming their rights. La expedición de John Narborough a Chile, 1670: Defensa de Valdivia, rumeros de indios, informaciones de los prisioneros y la creencia en la Ciudad de los Césares"[John Narborough expedition to Chile, 1670: Defense of Valdivia, indian rumors, information on prisoners, and the belief in the City of the Césares].

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Unfortunately the settlers found that Patagonia was not the friendly and inviting land they had been expecting.Teachers are sent to teach the language and to train local tutors in the Welsh language, and there is some prestige in knowing the language, even among those not of Welsh descent. The city of Bariloche, about 40km further east, receives about 1,000mm, and the airport, another 15km east, receives less than 600mm. During the Oligocene and early Miocene, large swathes of Patagonia were subject to a marine transgression, which might have temporarily linked the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as inferred from the findings of marine invertebrate fossils of both Atlantic and Pacific affinity in La Cascada Formation. According to Antonio Pigafetta, [7] one of the Magellan expedition's few survivors and its published chronicler, Magellan bestowed the name Patagão (or Patagón) on the inhabitants they encountered there, and the name "Patagonia" for the region.