Which London Underground line is the fastest?". 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021 . Retrieved 21 April 2021. a b "Later London Underground service being considered". BBC News. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021 . Retrieved 1 April 2013. Smale, Katherine (11 April 2019). "Canary Wharf Group in talks about rail link to Euston". New Civil Engineer. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019 . Retrieved 25 April 2019.

Water pump plan to cool the Tube". BBC News. 8 June 2006. Archived from the original on 6 July 2006 . Retrieved 31 March 2013.Highbury & Islington closed for escalator repairs" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2022 . Retrieved 17 September 2018. London Underground (28 April 2002). "Detrainment of Passengers" (PDF). Standards. Tc100 (2): 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 August 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2018. In January 1913, the UERL acquired the Central London Railway and the City & South London Railway, as well as many of London's bus and tram operators. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. [45] Paul Channon (12 April 1989). "King's Cross Fire (Fennell Report)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. col.915–917. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012 . Retrieved 29 October 2012.

Facts & figures". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 . Retrieved 20 November 2017. a b Emmerson, Andrew (2010). The London Underground. London: Shire Publications Ltd. ISBN 978-0-74780-790-2. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) An overview of the British rail industry" (PDF). Office of Rail and Road. 19 December 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2016 . Retrieved 5 January 2017.

Central line train overhaul project" (PDF). TfL. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2015 . Retrieved 25 June 2015. Victoria Line Platform Humps and RVAR" (PDF). Livis. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2015 . Retrieved 6 December 2011. How the final King's Cross fire victim was identified". British Transport Police. 2004. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012 . Retrieved 10 May 2023. Six firemen received certificates of commendation for their actions at the fire, including Station Officer Townsley who was given the award posthumously. [54] Townsley was also posthumously awarded the George Medal. [55]

The publication of the report led to resignations of senior management of both London Underground and London Regional Transport (LRT), including Keith Bright, the chairman of LRT. [40] Wooden panelling was to be removed from escalators, heat detectors and sprinklers were to be fitted beneath escalators, and the radio communication system and station staff emergency training were to be improved. [41] [42] a b c d "New Tube for London Feasibility Report" (PDF). TfL. October 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2015 . Retrieved 25 June 2015. a b by (20 June 2023). "London Underground expands mobile phone coverage to Mornington Crescent station". ianVisits . Retrieved 19 August 2023.

How we're improving the Tube

With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. The District, needing to raise the finance necessary, found an investor in the American Charles Yerkes who favoured a DC system similar to that in use on the City & South London and Central London railways. The Metropolitan Railway protested about the change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of Trade, the DC system was adopted. [40] Underground Electric Railways Company era [ edit ] Passengers wait to board a tube train in 1906. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60°F (16°C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. [164] In 1938 approval was given for a ventilation improvement programme, and a refrigeration unit was installed in a lift shaft at Tottenham Court Road. [164] Temperatures of 117°F (47°C) were reported in the 2006 European heat wave. [165] It was claimed in 2002 that, if animals were being transported, temperatures on the Tube would break European Commission animal welfare laws. [166] A 2000 study reported that air quality was seventy-three times worse than at street level, with a passenger inhaling the same mass of particulates during a twenty-minute journey on the Northern line as when smoking a cigarette. [167] [168] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels, [164] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. [169] In March 2020, 2G, 3G and 4G signal was made available on parts of the Jubilee line, between Westminster and Canning Town, throughout the stations and tunnels as part of an initial trial. [191] The Fire Precautions (Sub-surface Railway Stations) Regulations 1989 were introduced. [43] Smoking was banned in all London Underground stations, including on the escalators, on 23 November, five days after the fire. Wooden escalators were gradually replaced, some remaining into the early 2000s (those at Wanstead were replaced in 2003 and at Marylebone in 2004, [44]) and since 2014 the entire London Underground has been operating on metal escalators, after the last wooden escalator at Greenford on the Central line was decommissioned on 11 March 2014. [45] Duffy, Jonathan (22 January 2004). "Solved after 16 years – the mystery of victim 115". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2004 . Retrieved 28 October 2012.

See also: London Underground infrastructure: Ventilation and cooling and London Underground cooling Victoria Line Extension (Pimlico Station) (Hansard, 28 June 1968)". api.parliament.uk . Retrieved 23 April 2020. Station Wifi". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013 . Retrieved 12 March 2013.Improving the Tube – What we're doing – Improving the trains". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021 . Retrieved 21 August 2021. Northern line extension". Transport for London. 2019. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019 . Retrieved 26 January 2016. MBNA Thames Clippers Timetable" (Timetable). 21 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 September 2018 . Retrieved 14 September 2018.