Ramachandran, V.S.; Hirstein, W. (1 December 2001). "Synaesthesia– a window into perception, thought, and language". Journal of Consciousness Studies. 8 (12): 3–34. a b c Ramachandran, V.S.; Hirstein, W. (1997-05-01). "Three laws of qualia: what neurology tells us about the biological functions of consciousness". Journal of Consciousness Studies. 4 (5–6): 429–457. Daniel Dennett suggested that qualia was "an unfamiliar term for something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us". [7] He identifies four properties that are commonly ascribed to qualia. [7] According to these, qualia are: Joseph Levine's paper Conceivability, Identity, and the Explanatory Gap takes up where the criticisms of conceivability arguments (such as the inverted spectrum argument and the zombie argument) leave off. Levine agrees that conceivability is a flawed means of establishing metaphysical realities, but points out that even if we come to the metaphysical conclusion that qualia are physical, there is still an explanatory problem. Secades, J. J. (2019). Citicoline in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Journal of Neurology & Experimental Neuroscience, 5(1), 14-26. https://jneuroscience.com/jnen/articles/v5n1/jnen-047-julio-j-secades.pdf

Theobromine, one of the most prominent compounds in cocoa, shares a chemical class with caffeine. Since they’re relatively similar substances, scientists have started investigating if theobromine has the same nootropic effects as caffeine. One study from 2019 suggests that theobromine works more slowly and provides less of an intense reaction than caffeine, but it might have neuroprotective effects by reducing the amount of beta-amyloid peptides (which scientists think trigger Alzheimer’s disease). 48 Many definitions of qualia have been proposed. One of the simpler, broader definitions is: "The 'what it is like' character of mental states. The way it feels to have mental states such as pain, seeing red, smelling a rose, etc." [3] Campbell, J. M. (2022). Supplementation with NAD+ and its precursors to prevent cognitive decline across disease contexts. Nutrients, 14(15), 3231. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/15/3231 Qualia Mind contains three ingredients you might also find in a cafe mocha without the sugar: theobromine, caffeine, and whole coffee bean extract. These three ingredients are alkaloids (have a basic pH), and while we know caffeine is a potent nootropic, theobromine and coffee extract can play a role in your neurology too.Tye, Michael (2018). "Qualia". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Qualia Mind’s least-recognizable ingredient is likely uridine-5’-monophosphate (UMP). UMP is a compound found in all living organisms that get converted into nucleotides for DNA and RNA; UMP specifically is most commonly found in the brain. Some scientists think that it can help the brain make more synapses, dendritic spines, and other important cell structures for communication between neurons. 60 Research suggests that it also plays a vital role in cellular energy and metabolism. 61 Qualia are irrevocable and indubitable. You don't say 'maybe it is red but I can visualize it as green if I want to'. An explicit neural representation of red is created that invariably and automatically 'reports' this to higher brain centres.

Nida-Rümelin, Martine; O Conaill, Donnchadh; Broad, C.D. (1925) (2021). "Qualia: The Knowledge Argument". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Qualia knowledge (Summer 2021ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. If you’re interested in Qualia Mind but aren’t quite sure if it’ll be the right fit, or if you’ve tried Qualia Mind before and know it’s not, it’s worth exploring your other options. We compare many nootropics in more detail in our guide to the best nootropics, but we’ll make some general comparisons below. Generalized formulas Chalmers, D. (1995). "Absent qualia, fading qualia, dancing qualia". In Metzinger, Thomas (ed.). Conscious Experience. Imprint Academic.

Vedder, L. C., Hall, J. M., Jabrouin, K. R., & Savage, L. M. (2015). Interactions between chronic ethanol consumption and thiamine deficiency on neural plasticity, spatial memory, and cognitive flexibility. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(11), 2143-2153. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acer.12859 While nootropics as a term also applies to prescription stimulants like Adderall and Ritalin, as well as other cognition-altering substances, the supplement industry has largely co-opted the term to refer to the class of supplements designed to improve your brain functioning and cognitive health. In this article, we’ll limit our discussion strictly to nootropic supplements you can get over the counter. Most adults need 15mcg or 600IU of vitamin D, though adults above age 70 need slightly more (20mcg or 800IU). 1,000IU is a reasonable dose of vitamin D3 for a vast majority of people. Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ): 10mg Bhagya, V., Christofer, T., & Shankaranarayana Rao, B. S. (2016). Neuroprotective effect of Celastrus paniculatus on chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 48(6), 687-693. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5155471/