A student used a stopwatch to measure the time taken by a trolley to travel a measured distance of 1. N 10 N TIP If you see an angle of 90° in a question, you will probably have to use Pythagoras’ theorem. a The formula for the cell is E = V + Ir Using the graph, copy and complete this table to show the values of the three terms. Explain why this means that a thermocouple thermometer is likely to respond more quickly to a change in temperature. You should be familiar with this equation, but note that it only applies close to the Earth’s surface where g is roughly constant.

a Four forces are acting on the car (its weight, the upward reaction of the road, your push and friction). We can divide this area into two parts: displacement = area of rectangle + area of triangle TIP Equation 1 defines acceleration.linear momentum: the product of mass and velocity principle of conservation of momentum: within a closed system the total momentum in any direction is constant Newton’s first law of motion: an object will remain at rest or keep travelling at constant velocity unless it is acted on by a resultant external force Newton’s second law of motion: the net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum. a Explain how a stationary wave is formed on the guitar string from a progressive wave travelling along the string. Two masses A and B are oscillating with the same frequency, but there is a phase difference between them.

Superposition and interference This exercise helps you to think about interference and path difference. A charged particle moving in a uniform electric field is like a mass moving in a uniform gravitational field (in other words, like a projectile). For a metal wire, we must take into account its physical dimensions by considering stress and strain.Analogue and digital signals This exercise give you practice converting between digital and analogue signals, and understanding how electronics enables these conversions. For a double-slit experiment, suggest how the wavelength of the microwaves leads to differences in the quantities a, x and D as compared with those used in light experiments. a State whether the volume of the gas will increase or decrease as the temperature increases at constant pressure.