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A mortar is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smooth-bore (although some models use a rifled barrel) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount and a sight. They launch explosive shells (technically called bombs) [1] in high-arching ballistic trajectories. Mortars are typically used as indirect fire weapons for close fire support with a variety of ammunition. Direct Fire Support Division is a part of Specialist Weapons School. The Division comprises three wings that concentrate on running command courses in their different disciplines. During the Battle of Iwo Jima, the Imperial Japanese Army used twelve 320 mm mortars against the American forces. Toys". Culturecontent.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017 . Retrieved 19 November 2017. Vesa Toivonen, 2003, From Tampella to Patria, 70 Years of Finnish Heavy Weapons Production, Tampere, ISBN 952-5026-26-4The 320 mm Type 98 mortar used by Japan in World War II to some psychological effect in the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa The biggest mortars ever made were the French "Monster Mortar" (36 French inches; 975mm; developed by Henri-Joseph Paixhans in 1832), Mallet's Mortar (36inches; 910mm; designed by Robert Mallet and tested by the Woolwich Arsenal, London, in 1857) and the " Little David" (36inches; 914.4mm; developed in the United States for use in World War II). All three mortars had a caliber of 36"inches". However, only the "Monster Mortar" was used (at the Battle of Antwerp in 1832). [8] "Home-made" mortars [ change | change source ] An IRA "home-made" mortar tube. Apply with a trowel making sure are areas to be joined are totally covered with a thin bed of Vitcas Heat Proof Mortar. Fire Cement is a ready and mixed combination of thermosetting resins and inorganic fillers. When applied and exposed to high temperatures, this combination is capable of healing, which results in a mortar. This mortar is temperature resistant up to 1250ºC. John Norris (2002). Infantry Mortars of World War II. Osprey Publishing. pp.42–43. ISBN 978-1-84176-414-6. Archived from the original on 2015-03-20 . Retrieved 2016-03-27.

Improvised mortars used in the Syrian civil war are known as hell cannons. Observers have noted that they are "wildly inaccurate" and responsible for hundreds of civilian deaths. [21] Sri Lankan civil war [ edit ]Most modern mortar systems consist of four main components: a barrel, a base plate, a bipod and a sight. Modern mortars normally range in calibre from 60mm (2.36in) to 120mm (4.72in). However, both larger and smaller mortars have been produced. The modern mortar is a muzzle-loaded weapon and relatively simple to operate. It consists of a barrel into which the gunners drop a mortar round. When the round reaches the base of the barrel it hits a fixed firing pin that fires the round. The barrel is generally set at an angle of between 45 and 85 degrees (800 to 1500 mils), with the higher angle producing a shorter horizontal trajectory. Some mortars have a moving firing pin, operated by a lanyard or trigger mechanism. MALAKHIT" AUTOMATED ARTILLERY FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM". KBP Instrument Design Bureau. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019 . Retrieved 8 May 2020. FR230 may be used to seal apertures in the separating element up to 1100 mm x 1100 mm in a floor or wall (without additionnal reinforcement requirements). Light and medium mortars are easy to move around. They are usually used by infantry units. Mortars can fire from a trench or defilade. Based at Waterloo Lines in Warminster, the SWS comprises two Training Divisions and Training Support Company.

A mortar can be moved around by one or more people (bigger mortars can usually be broken down into parts) or moved around in a vehicle. An infantry mortar can usually be set up and fired from a mortar-carrier. A mortar-carrier is a modified armoured vehicle or one built especially to be a mortar-carrier. They have a big hatch on the roof. Mortars with two barrels—like the AMOS PT1—are the latest kinds of heavy mortar. They are put on carriers such as armoured personnel carriers, tank chassis and patrol boats. [3] Ammunition for mortars generally comes in two main varieties: fin-stabilised and spin-stabilised. Examples of the former have short fins on their posterior portion, which control the path of the bomb in flight. Spin-stabilised mortar bombs rotate as they travel along and leave the mortar tube, which stabilises them in much the same way as a rifle bullet. Both types of rounds can be either illumination ( infrared or visible illumination), smoke, high explosive, and training rounds. Mortar bombs are often referred to, incorrectly, as "mortars". [25] Needham, Joseph (1987). Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Part 7. Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.313. ISBN 9780521303583. Most mortars used today are made up of a barrel, a plate for the barrel to stand on, and a bipod. [1]This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Dryvit has been a leading name in the External Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS) industry since 1969. Norris, John; Calow, Robert (11 December 2002). Infantry Mortars of World War II. ISBN 9781841764146 . Retrieved June 26, 2012. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) [ permanent dead link] Operators may fire spin-stabilised rounds from either a smoothbore or a rifled barrel. Rifled mortars are more accurate but slower to load. Since mortars are generally muzzle-loaded, mortar bombs for rifled barrels usually have a pre-engraved band, called an obturator, that engages with the rifling of the barrel. Exceptions to this were the U.S. M2 4.2-inch mortar and M30 mortar, whose ammunition had a sub-calibre expandable ring that enlarged when fired. This allows the projectile to slide down the barrel freely but grip the rifling when fired. The system resembles the Minié ball for muzzle-loading rifles. For extra range, propellant rings (augmentation charges) are attached to the bomb's fins. The rings are usually easy to remove, because they have a major influence on the speed and thus the range of the bomb. Some mortar rounds can be fired without any augmentation charges, e.g., the 81 mm L16 mortar.A mortar is an artillery weapon which fires explosive shells. The shells are known as (mortar) bombs. They are fired at targets which are close, as mortars do not have long range. It has a short barrel which fires the mortar bomb at a low speed high into the air to reach its target. They have been used since medieval times. Mortars are made in different sizes, from large and heavy mortars to infantry mortars which can be carried by just one soldier. They are called an indirect fire weapon because the bomb drops onto the target from above, rather than being aimed straight at it. Soldiers firing a mortar do not need to be able to see their target. A spigot mortar consists mainly of a solid rod or spigot, onto which a hollow tube in the projectile fits—inverting the normal tube-mortar arrangement. At the top of the tube in the projectile, a cavity contains propellant, such as cordite. There is usually a trigger mechanism built into the base of the spigot, with a long firing pin running up the length of the spigot activating a primer inside the projectile and firing the propellant charge. The advantage of a spigot mortar is that the firing unit (baseplate and spigot) is smaller and lighter than a conventional tube mortar of equivalent payload and range. It is also somewhat simpler to manufacture. Further, most spigot mortars have no barrel in the conventional sense, which means ammunition of almost any weight and diameter can be fired from the same mortar. Gábor Ágoston (2005). Guns for the sultan: military power and the weapons industry in the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. p.68. ISBN 978-0-521-84313-3.